D IGESTIVE S YSTEM D ISEASES AND D ISORDERS Chapter 18

G ASTRO ESOPHAGEAL R EFLUX D ISEASE (GERD) Disorder that affects the sphincter muscle connecting the esophagus with the stomach sphincter muscle is weak allowing the stomach contents to flow back up into the esophagus Common with people who have hiatal hernias and heartburn

H EARTBURN Acid indigestion Backflow of highly acidic gastric juices into the lower esophagus Irritates the lining causing a burning sensation May be experienced on a daily basis 25% of all pregnant women experience Treatment: S TOP SMOKING N ONPRESCRIPTION ANTACIDS A VOID LYING DOWN 2-3 HOURS AFTER EATING A VOID COFFEE, CHOCOLATE CITRUS FOODS, FRIED FATTY FOODS, AND TOMATO PRODUCTS

G ASTROENTERITIS Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the stomach Common cause are viruses which causes vomiting diarrhea Dehydration my occur

HERNIA A disorder you can actually see.*

U LCERS Sore or lesion that forms in the mucosal lining of the stomach or duodenum Stomach- gastric ulcers Duodenum- duodenal ulcers Most develop from an infection or bacteria called Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori)* Burrows into stomach membranes.* Causes: smoking, caffeine, alcohol, stress, NSAID’s (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) *( Motrin, ibuprofen, Aleve, Naproxen)

S YMPTOMS OF AN U LCER Burning pain Occurs between meals and in early morning hours May be relieved by taking an antacid and/or treating the infection

C HRON ’ S Patients have remissions and exacerbations (flare-ups) Can occur anywhere in the digestive system Affects all layers of the tissue Surgery may be necessary in 70%

A PPENDICITIS Appendix become inflamed A peritonitis is a serious complication of a ruptured appendix. * inflammation of the peritoneum. The inflammation is usually the result of a fungal or bacterial infection caused by an abdominal injury, an underlying medical condition, or a treatment device, such as a dialysis catheter or feeding tube. If it ruptures can become serious Bacteria can spread to peritoneal cavity

C IRRHOSIS Inflammatory disease of the liver Excessive alcohol drinking

C HOLECYSTITIS Inflammation of the gallbladder Blockage of the cystic duct Gallstones- crystalized cholesterol in the gallbladder

P ANCREATITIS Inflammation of the pancreas Most cases are unknown

D IVERTICULOSIS OR ITIS Little sacs develop in the wall of the colon Diverticulitis- Inflammation of the wall of the colon, large intestine. * Need a restricted diet

C ONSTIPATION Laxatives can be habit forming.* Best treatment High fiber Increase fluid Exercise

S TOMACH C ANCER Hard to diagnose-no symptoms in early stages Colon Cancer- believe to arise from polypoid lesions….early detection is key! After age 40 rectal exam after age 50-colonoscopy

C OLOSTOMY Colon resection Opening is made in the abdomen, bad tissue took out, new brought out Pouch is worn Health care workers need to be very supportive

H EPATITIS A,B,C,D,E * H EP B VACCINE IS RECOMMENDED FOR HEALTHCARE WORKERS