Industrialism and Imperialism

Industrialization The process of developing industries that use machines to produce goods Revolutionizes a country’s economy Revolutionizes a country’s economy Transforms social conditions and class structures Transforms social conditions and class structures

Industrial Revolution Begins: Britain First industry: Textiles What becomes vital: Railroads

Economic Effects New inventions and the development of factories Increased production and higher demand for raw materials Imperialism Growth of worldwide trade Imperialism

Social Effects Increase in population Urbanization Expansion of the middle class Family instability Harsh conditions for laborers Reform movements

Political Effects Child labor laws Trade unions Social reform movements

Capitalism Factors of production are privately owned and money is invested in business ventures to make a profit Key thinker: Adam Smith

Socialism Factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all

Communism A form of complete socialism in which all the means of production would be owned by the people Key thinker: Karl Marx

Political change during the industrial age Suffrage expands U.S. expands territory Britain grants self-rule to Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Ireland

Scientific and technological change during the industrial era Inventions- Light bulb TelephoneRadioAutomobileFlight

Scientific and technological change during the industrial era Medicine- Germ theory of disease Pasteurization Plumbing and sewer systems VaccinesTyphus Yellow Fever

Scientific and technological change during the industrial era Science- Darwin’s Theory of Evolution Marie Curie- Radioactivity Gregor Mendel- Genetics

Imperialism The seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country

Causes of Imperialism Nationalism- To gain power, European nations compete for colonies and trade Economic Competition- Demand for raw materials and new markets spurs a search for colonies Missionary Spirit- Europeans believe they must spread their Christian teachings to the world

Effects of Imperialism Colonization- Europeans control land and people in areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin American Europeans control trade in the colonies and set up dependent cash-crop economies Christianization- Christianity spreads to Africa, India, and Asia

Forms of Imperialism: Colony Definition: A country or a territory governed internally by a foreign foreign power Example: Somaliland in East Africa was a French Colony

Forms of Imperialism: Protectorate Definition: A country or a territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power Example: Britain established a protectorate over the Niger River Delta

Forms of Imperialism: Sphere of Influence Definition: An area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges Example: Liberia was under the sphere of influence of the United States

Forms of Imperialism: Economic Imperialism Definition: An independent but less developed country controlled by private business interests rather than other governments Example: The Dole Fruit company controlled pineapple trade in Hawaii

Imperial Management Methods: Direct Control Who rules: Foreign officials brought in Self-rule: No Goal: Assimilation Government institutions are based on: only European styles Examples: French colonies such as Somaliland and Vietnam German colonies such as German East Africa Portuguese colonies such as Angola

Imperial Management Methods: Indirect Control Who rules: local government officials Self-rule: Limited Goal: to develop future leaders Government institutions based on: European styles, but may have local rules Examples: British colonies such as Nigeria, India, Burma U.S. colonies on Pacific Islands

Berlin Conference Event: Berlin Conference ( ) What:14 European nations meet to lay down rules for the division of Africa Problem: Divided the continent with little thought about how African ethnic or linguistic groups were distributed