Chapter 3 Values and the Helping Relationship Corey, 8e, ©2011, Brooks/ Cole – Cengage Learning

Values and the Helping Relationship Research has provided evidence that therapists’ values influence every phase of psychotherapy, including: – theories of personality and therapeutic change – assessment strategies – goals of treatment – the design and selection of interventions – evaluation of therapy outcomes Corey, 8e, ©2011, Brooks/ Cole – Cengage Learning Issues and Ethics - Chapter 3 (1)

Values Pertaining to Sexuality Counselors need to know their attitude toward: – the belief that sex should be reserved for marriage only – sex as an expression of love and commitment – casual sex – group sex – extramarital sex – premarital sex and teenage sex – homosexuality – internet sex talk Corey, 8e, ©2011, Brooks/ Cole – Cengage Learning Issues and Ethics - Chapter 3 (2)

Values Pertaining to Abortion Millner and Hanks’ (2002) recommendations when making ethical decisions in cases involving a discussion of abortion: 1. Make a comprehensive examination of your own moral and ethical views on abortion. 2. Determine when your own personal ethics would make it difficult for you to be objective and respectful of the client’s autonomy. Corey, 8e, ©2011, Brooks/ Cole – Cengage Learning Issues and Ethics - Chapter 3 (3)

Values Pertaining to Abortion 3. Be prepared to refer clients to other professionals when it is appropriate. 4. Become familiar with state and federal laws pertaining to abortions. 5. Anticipate circumstances that would make it difficult for you to maintain a sense of objectivity because of a value conflict. Corey, 8e, ©2011, Brooks/ Cole – Cengage Learning Issues and Ethics - Chapter 3 (4)

Spirituality and Religion Spirituality refers to: – general sensitivity to moral, ethical, humanitarian, and existential issues without reference to any particular religious doctrine. Religion refers to: – the way people express their devotion to a deity or an ultimate reality. Key issues: – Can the counselor understand the religious beliefs of the client? – Can the counselor work within the framework of the client? Corey, 8e, ©2011, Brooks/ Cole – Cengage Learning Issues and Ethics - Chapter 3 (5)

Role of Spiritual and Religious Values in Counseling Religion and spirituality are oftentimes part of the client’s problem and can be part of the client’s solution. Spirituality and religion are critical sources of strength for many clients. Spirituality and religion should be incorporated in the assessment and treatment process. Counselors need training in using a variety of intervention strategies in working with clients on their spiritual concerns. Corey, 8e, ©2011, Brooks/ Cole – Cengage Learning Issues and Ethics - Chapter 3 (6)

Questions p. 97 (Corey) Difference between religion & counseling – counseling does not involve the imposition of counselors’ values on clients; clients decide what values to retain, replace or modify (p. 94, Corey) Corey, 8e, ©2011, Brooks/ Cole – Cengage Learning

End-of-Life Decisions Various continuing care or treatment options exist: – Aggressive treatment of the medical condition(s) – Life-sustaining treatment – Medical intervention intended to alleviate suffering (but not to cure) – Withdrawing life-sustaining treatment – Voluntary active euthanasia – Physician-assisted suicide Corey, 8e, ©2011, Brooks/ Cole – Cengage Learning Issues and Ethics - Chapter 3 (7)

End-of-Life Decisions: Key Terms Rational suicide – When a person has decided—after going through a decision-making process and without coercion from others—to end his or her life because of extreme suffering involved with a terminal illness. Aid-in-dying – providing a person with the means to die; the person self- administers the death-causing agent, which is a lethal dose of a legal medication. Corey, 8e, ©2011, Brooks/ Cole – Cengage Learning Issues and Ethics - Chapter 3 (8)

End-of-Life Decisions: Key Terms Hastened death – ending one’s life earlier than would have happened without intervention. It involves speeding up the dying process, which can entail withholding or withdrawing treatment or life support Advance directives – written documents that specify the conditions under which people wish to receive certain treatment or to refuse or discontinue life-sustaining treatment Corey, 8e, ©2011, Brooks/ Cole – Cengage Learning Issues and Ethics - Chapter 3 (9)

p. 105 – Corey - assist with informed decision making - assess for depression Difference between hastening death in the case of a terminal illness and suicide in the case of severe depression – p. 108 (Corey) Corey, 8e, ©2011, Brooks/ Cole – Cengage Learning

Videos Corey, 8e, ©2011, Brooks/ Cole – Cengage Learning

Complete the “ list of potential clients” Page 83 – 84 (Corey) individually, then do suggested activities p. 110 #6 with a partner. Corey, 8e, ©2011, Brooks/ Cole – Cengage Learning