Warm up a. Mutualismb. Commensalismc. Parasitism 12. Barnacles are attached to crabs. Barnacles receive a home, the crab is unaffected. 13. Clownfish live with sea anemones. The clownfish have a home and they keep the sea anemone clean. 14. Tapeworms live in the intestines of certain farm animals. The tapeworm gets food from the animal and the animal does not get enough nutrients and becomes sick.

Ecosystem Dynamics

Every organism has a niche, or a role in an ecosystem The niche is based on how it gets energy and how it interacts in the environment

An important part of the niche is the habitat It is the physical environment where an organism lives and to which it is adapted

What happens when more than 1 thing tries to live in a particular habitat?

Competition-organisms try to use the same resource Adaptation-1 or more organism may develop new characteristics to live in the area Evolution-different species may evolve to fill different niches

Warm up Compare and contrast habitat and niche. 2. Using yourself as an example, explain your habitat AND your niche. 3. What is an adaptation?

Energy flows through ecosystems It is passed from the sun to the living things

Producers capture the light energy from the sun and make food Photosynthesis converts the light into chemical energy Also called autotrophs

Consumers must get energy from other living things They take the energy from the food they eat using cellular respiration Also called heterotrophs

Read pages 8-9 in the hardcover text. Define the following and explain what they all have in common: Decomposers Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores

Energy flow through an ecosystem can be modeled in Food Chains, Food Webs, and Energy Pyramids

Warm up... a. Abioticb. Bioticc. Biosphere d. Nichee. Habitat 15. Plants, insects and birds are all 16. The ___ is the part of Earth where living things exist. 17. The physical environment where something lives is called 18. The ___ is EVERYTHING about an organism, including where it lives.

Food chain is a model that shows 1 straight flow of energy

Food webs show the many paths energy can flow

Energy pyramids show trophic levels The feeding positions of consumers Only 10% of the energy available moves from one level to the next!

Energy Pyramid Activity

Lesson of the Kaibab Read Graph Answer

Warm up: 1. Name 3 places in this food web where competition is occurring. 2. What organism is an omnivore? 3. What is the top consumer in this web?

Now Article Analysis 2. Choice items for Eco. Dynamics 3. Green Review Sheet

Warm up 1 9. The top consumer 20. The producers 21. The level with the MOST energy available 22. The herbivore 23. The owl's prey D. C. B. A.

Which levels pass less energy-the lower ones or the higher ones? Explain.

Food Web Card Game: In your notes, complete the following: Wh at would happen if the food chains or webs had no scavengers or decomposers? For most habitats, which description do you think is more accurate – food chain, or food web? Why? What is a trophic level? Based on food web interactions, why could it be a serious problem if a consumer organism that had no predators was introduced into a system? (This sometimes occurs when non-native organisms are released from captivity).

Energy Pyramid PRODUCER PRIMARY CONSUMER SECONDARY CONSUMER TERTIARY CONSUMER DECOMPOSER OR SCAVENGER

Warm up: 24. What type of living thing performs photosynthesis? a. Producersb. Consumersc. Decomposers 25. What is the product of photosynthesis? a. Waterb. Sugarc. Carbon dioxide 26. From where does the energy for photosynthesis originate? a. Its always here b. From plants c. From animals d. From the sun

What are the reactants? (things that go in) What are the products? (things that come out)

How many C atoms to start? finish? How many O atoms to start? finish? How many H atoms to start? finish?

1. How does photosynthesis demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Matter? 2. How does photosynthesis demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Energy? Warm up...

Now... S et up an energy pyramid based on the following information: Shrimp eats turtle grass Lanternfish eats shrimp Lemon shark eats lanternfish Turtle grass begin with 100 units of energy 10% of the energy from one trophic level moves on to the next level because most of the energy at a level goes into running the metabolic processes of the organism. What is the relationship between numbers of individuals in a species and its trophic level? What happens to these organisms if poor water quality causes the turtle grass to die? Which organisms should people eat if they wanted to be most energy efficient? What was the energy that wasn’t passed on to the next trophic level used for?

Shrimp Lanternfish Lemon shark Turtle grass

In a typical energy pyramid, there is rarely a consumer above the 4th level (quaternary). Why?

Cycles are important to the health of the planet Many materials cycle throughout the ecosystems The cycles on our planet follow the Laws of Conservation!

Use the Cycle and Succession article to help complete the Cycle and Succession activity. Your textbooks will also help... hardcover: pages softcover: pages 28-37

Living things need WATER to help with all their cellular functions

Hmmmm... Why do farmers spray crops with cold water when the weather is expected to dip below freezing?

Carbon Dioxide Photosynthesis Respiration Dead organisms Respiration Oxygen Living things need CARBON compounds for energy

Hmmmm.... What is collecting on the inside of jar? Why?

Living things need NITROGEN for making proteins

Succession is the gradual development of a community over time It occurs in predictable stages

Primary succession Begins without ANY soil Pioneer species arrive first lichen (don't need soil) Simple plants grow once soil forms moss, ferns, etc Eventually grasses, wildflowers, shrubs and trees grow

Secondary succession takes place where a community with soil existed after forest fire, flood, farm is abandoned, etc FASTER Pioneer species are often weeds

Succession ends in what ecologists call a climax community This is the most stable group of plants and animals that can exist in an area It may NOT be big trees!

Sequencing succession Put the pictures on your desk in order from beginning to end of succession Identify your sequence as primary or secondary Explain and defend your sequence

Compare and contrast primary and secondary succession Primary Secondary