The Reformation A break from the religious ways thinking during the Middle Ages

Early Reformers

John Wycliffe (wik-lif), 1300 A.D. 1.Questioned the belief that the only way to salvation was through the church. -Bible ultimate authority not church 2.Denounced church members for wealth. Bodied exhumed and burned by church after his nature death 3.Translated bible from Latin to English. -Read for yourself Condemned as a heretic

Is this a modern example? The Crystal Cathedral

John Huss, 1400’s 1.Influenced by Wycliffe and spread his teachings. 2.Challenged Pope’s authority and wealth. 3.Excommunicated in Burned at the stake in 1415 for heresy.

Martin Luther, German Monk who led protest against the church. 2.People gain salvation through God, not good works. -Pope and priests not needed for salvation. Its up to you. -Translated bible into German while hiding. 3.Nailed 95 Theses (complaints) to a church. (Celibate and Indulgences).

Martin Luther cont… 4. Started the Lutheran faith making the pope and emperor mad 5. Luther supported by German princes who wanted to limit power of Roman emperor 6. This started a religious war. -Pease of Augsburg allowed Germans to pick the religion of their state. (not the people)

The new religions were called… Protestant

Calvinism, 1536 AD 1.Believed in predestination – the idea that God knows if you’re going to heaven or hell before you are born. You will go to that place no matter how good or bad of a life you live. 2.Very strict: Punished people for dancing, singing lewd songs, drinking, making noise during church. 3.Basis for Presbyterian church. How would you act if you new that no matter what you do in life you will be going to heaven?

Anglican: The Church of England 1.King Henry was Catholic, but wanted an annulment and the Pope said “no.” He wanted to remarry and try for a boy. 2.Henry changed England to the Protestant religion of Anglican or “Church of England” and remarried. 3.He made himself the head of the religion, kicked Catholic churches out and took all their land and money. 4.His sick Protestant son takes over and dies, His daughter Mary takes over and tries to convert England back to Catholic. Called “Bloody Mary.” 5.Elizabeth takes over and returns to Protestant.

English Protestantism Henry VIII, King of England

Wanted a divorce from Catherine of Aragon

Their daughter, Mary

Second Wife: Anne Boleyn

Henry and Anna’s daughter: Elizabeth I

The Catholic Counter-Reformation

What was it? 1.Catholic Church’s attempt to *Gain back the people who left. *Keep more members from leaving. 2.The Council of Trent, 1545A.D. *Met in Trent, Italy to discuss problems with the church. *Kept some things the same and reformed others.

Some Things Never Change… 1.Only Church can explain the bible. 2.Both faith and good works are necessary for salvation. 3.Pope is highest and final authority of the church. 4.Church rituals stay the same. 5.Clergy may not marry.

Some Things Do… 1.Limits and then eliminates sale of indulgences 2.Tightened discipline of clergy -Only the worthy may join -Seminaries to train them 3. Inquisition increased -Suspected heretics on trial 4. “Index” list of banned books 5. Jesuits sent to spread Catholic ideas and teachings

Effects End of religious unity in Europe. Strengthening of state authority over church authority. Spread of education Strengthening of European Middle class. -Protestant religion emphasized the work ethic and lifestyle they had. Key Development The Reformation Causes Unhappy over Church policies and practices. Luther’s challenge to church authority. Opposition of some German princes to Authority of Holy Roman Emperor. Spread of Calvinist ideas