Tuesday 8/27 1.What is the heliocentric theory? 2.What was the contribution of Sir Isaac Newton? Bell Workwk 3

The Enlightenment Essential Question: What are the roots of the Enlightenment?

Enlightenment An 18 th century Euro. Movement in which thinkers attempted to apply the principles of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of society.

Roots of the Enlightenment Scientific Revolution –r–rational analysis of nature Applied to human behavior Renaissance –E–Emphasized worth of individual Reformation –Q–Questioning of authority Ancient Greece & Rome –D–Democracy –U–Use of reason

1.Thomas Hobbes –(1651) Leviathan People are selfish and ambitious. For security people give power to a strong ruler in exchange for law and order –Social Contract: people submit to authoritarian ruler to prevent disorder Best government—Absolute Monarchy **Established that govt. power comes from the people** Two English Views of Government Thomas Hobbes

2.John Locke –(1690) Two Treatises of Government People are reasonable, can learn from experience, and capable of governing themselves Natural Rights: born with the rights to life, liberty, and property Govt. fundamental duty is to protect the “natural rights” of the people –People have the right to rebel if govt. does not protect these rights **Reinforced that power of govt. comes from the people not God**. John Locke

Voltaire French Historian, wrote political essays, philosophy, and drama Used satire to undermine opponents: –Monarchy, Aristocracy, Clergy Argued in favor of tolerance, freedom of religion, and free speech Voltaire “I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it.”

Baron de Montesquieu (1748) On the Spirit of Laws –Any person or group in power will try to increase its power –Separation of Powers: divide govt. into 3 branches to safeguard liberty 1.Legislature: makes laws 2.Executive: enforces laws 3.Judicial: interprets laws “Power should be a check to power” Baron de Montesquieu

Jean-Jacques Rousseau Advocate of individual freedom (1762) Social Contract –Social Contract: an agreement among free individuals to create a govt. and society that responds to the peoples will Good govt. is freely formed by the people and guided by the “general will” of society –(majority rules) All people are equal and titles of nobility should be abolished Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Legacy of Enlightenment Enlightenment uses reason to challenge ideas: 1.Divine right of kings 2.Union of Church and State 3.Social Inequality The power of the individual to solve problems Establishes the foundation for the: 1.American Rev. 2.French Rev. 3.Other Rev. Burger King “You can have it your way” -Burger King

Write a paragraph comparing the two different views of government that Hobbes and Locke had.