The Results of WWI. The Impact on Europe The Human Cost – "The Lost Generation" Approximately 9 million soldiers killed (15% total combatants) Millions.

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Presentation transcript:

The Results of WWI

The Impact on Europe

The Human Cost – "The Lost Generation" Approximately 9 million soldiers killed (15% total combatants) Millions more disabled – 41,000 British lost limbs In France 20% of all men between the ages of 20 and 40 were killed in 1914 alone

Lost Generation Home front Video

The Human Cost – "The Lost Generation" Massive civilian casualties Bombing/famine /disease Spanish flu (1918–19) 20,000,000+ dead

Spanish flu video

Economic Cost Britain – 34,000,000,000 pounds in debt US had lent Britain/France $2 billion dollars 40% of Britain's commercial shipping lost

Economic Cost Britain/France spent the 1920s paying off debts 1/3 to 1/2 of their entire budget Britain never regained its pre-war financial power

Economic Cost Land and industry destroyed France-much farmland ruined Roads & railways destroyed

Economic Cost Belgium/Poland/ Italy/Serbia – a lot of land destroyed Hospital/houses needed reconstruction Loss of manufacturing output

Political Consequences Central Europe completely redrawn All multi-national monarchies collapsed Britain and France – not much change

Europe Time Lapse

Political Consequences– Germany Revolution/revolts/mutinies Socialist-led uprisings– Bavaria formed its own socialist republic November 9, 1918 – the Kaiser abdicates & fled to Holland Socialist Friedrich Ebert – new leader of Republic of Germany

Political Consequences– Russia Tsarist regime gone Provisional government overthrown by Bolsheviks (Much more to come on this) Bolsheviks sought dictatorship over free elections – civil war until 1920

The Bolsheviks - A Concern Central/Eastern Europe in turmoil Encourage the growth of socialist politics in these fragile areas Many across Europe worried of the spread

Habsburg Empire Austria-Hungary defeated so the monarchy & empire collapsed Emperor Karl I forced to abdicate & republic declared Austria & Hungary split into separate states and others declared independence

Political Consequences– Turkey 1922 – collapse of the Sultanate Mustafa Kemal established an authoritarian regime

Impact of WWI Outside of Europe

United States of America Emerged as the world's leading economy American companies capitalized on the war – food/materials/weapons US overtook overseas markets

United States of America Became the world's leading producer of many goods World leader in the development of plastic & mechanization New world leader on political stage

Issues in America Public keen to return to xenophobic position Spanish flu Communism fear/racial tension

Japan Did well economically during war New markets & goods = new prosperity Sought territorial expansion – seized German holdings in Shandong and German-held Pacific islands

China Japan presented them with a list of 21 demands that aimed for its domination China (entered WWI on allied side in 1917) sent delegates to the Versailles Peace Conference Sought release from Japanese demands

Anglo-Japanese Alliance Japan used the wartime alliance to jockey for German/Chinese territory Britain had made guarantees to Japan over its rights to former German possessions Japan forced a week and divided China to agree to Japan's economic privileges in Manchuria/inner Mongolia