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Chapter Menu Introduction Section 1: Section 1: Australia and New Zealand Section 2: Section 2: Oceania Visual Summary

Chapter Intro 1 The geography and climates of Australia and Oceania have drawn people from great distances. Migrations of people from island to island made it a varied and fascinating region. Later, European and Japanese colonization reshaped the region in the 1800s and 1900s. Today, international travel has made the region more accessible than ever.

Chapter Intro 2 Section 1: Australia and New Zealand The characteristics and distribution of human populations affect physical and human systems. Migration and settlement patterns have influenced the cultures and landscape of Australia and New Zealand.

Chapter Intro 3 Section 2: Oceania The characteristics and distribution of cultures influence human systems. Indigenous and Western cultures have shaped the societies of Oceania.

Chapter Preview-End

Section 1-GTR Australia and New Zealand Migration and settlement patterns have influenced the cultures and landscape of Australia and New Zealand.

Section 1-GTR clan Australia and New Zealand establishing boomerang dominion Strine structure

Section 1-GTR A.Tasmania Australia and New Zealand B.Sydney C.Melbourne D.Auckland E.Christchurch F.Wellington

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 Which European country has influenced Australia and New Zealand? A.France B.Sweden C.Great Britain D.Germany Australia and New Zealand

Section 1 Indigenous peoples and British settlers influenced the look of modern-day Australia and New Zealand. Population Patterns The people: –Aborigines—Australia’s earliest people –Maori –Europeans –Asians Australia and Oceania: Population Density

Section 1 Density and distribution: –Most people in Australia and New Zealand live in cities or towns along the temperate coasts. Population Patterns (cont.)

A.A B.B Section 1 Does Australia encourage or discourage immigrants? A.Encourage B.Discourage

Section 1 Together, but not always in agreement, indigenous people and British settlers shaped the course of history in Australia and New Zealand. History and Government Early peoples: –Aborigines –Maori

Section 1 History and Government (cont.) European exploration and settlement: –From the 1500s to the 1700s, Europeans of various nationalities explored this area. –1788–1850s—Great Britain used Australia as a colony for convicts. –The arrival of the Europeans had a disastrous impact on the Aborigines and Maori. –Early 1900s—both countries gain independence from Great Britain.

Section 1 History and Government (cont.) Government type: Patterns of European Settlement –a dominion

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 What famous sailor claimed Australia for Great Britain? A.John Smith B.John Cook C.Ponce de Leon D.Christopher Columbus

Section 1 Indigenous cultures and European traditions shaped the present-day cultures of Australia and New Zealand. Culture Education—free, compulsory education; high literacy rates Health care—quality health care and medical services Indigenous peoples do not receive many of these benefits though.

Section 1 Culture (cont.) Language—English Religion—Christianity The arts—early peoples used art, music, dance, and storytelling to pass on knowledge; canoe making, basketry, tattooing and woodcarving English in Australia

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 Which percent are literacy rates in Australia and New Zealand? A.Over 68% B.Over 88% C.Over 90% D.Over 99%

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Section 2-GTR Oceania Indigenous and Western cultures have shaped the societies of Oceania.

Section 2-GTR horticulture Oceania generation trust territory subsistence farming pidgin English temporary

Section 2-GTR A.Melanesia Oceania B.Papua New Guinea C.Micronesia D.Kiribati E.Guam F.Mariana Islands G.Polynesia

Section 2-GTR H.Samoa Oceania I.Tonga J.Tuvalu K.Tahiti L.Fiji

A.A B.B C.C Section 2 Are you familiar with the culture of Oceania? A.Very familiar B.Somewhat familiar C.Not familiar Oceania

Section 2 Migration of people among the islands in Oceania has shaped life on the islands today. Population Patterns Three major groups of people: –Melanesians –Micronesians –Polynesians –(Asian communities also live in this area)

Section 2 Population Patterns (cont.) Density and distribution: –A high percentage of the islands are unsuited for human habitation. –Papua New Guinea has the most people. –Nauru—the world’s smallest republic—has only 10,000 people.

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 2 Why is Oceania’s population growing at a high average rate? A.Immigration B.Its young population C.Low death rate D.Tourism

Section 2 Outside influences on indigenous cultures have shaped Oceania’s societies. History and Government Early Migrations –Asian migrants settled Oceania in family groups along island coasts. Australia and Oceania: Colonies, 1900

Section 2 History and Government (cont.) European colonization: –European’s developed commercial plantations for growing tropical products. –Late 1800s/early 1900s—Britain, France, Germany, Spain, and the U.S. struggled for control of various islands. –The two world wars also changed the course of Oceania’s history. –Since the 1970s most of these islands have been independent.

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 2 Which of the Pacific islands was the first to gain independence? A.Samoa B.Fiji C.Palau D.Iwo Jima

Section 2 Today’s Oceanic societies have been shaped by European cultural traditions as well as indigenous practices. Culture Sports and leisure—surfing, outrigger canoe racing, spear fishing Language—1,200 spoken in Oceania alone; French, pidgin English

Section 2 Culture (cont.) Religion—various forms of Christianity Education—varying literacy rates, ranging from 57%–93% Health care—unevenly distributed

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 2 Which island accepts shell money in exchange for goods at the markets? A.New Britain B.Papua New Guinea C.Guam D.Fiji

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VS 1 People and Culture Australia and Oceania have very distinct cultures. Australia and New Zealand are overwhelmingly made up of people with European heritage. The Aboriginal and Maori peoples are minorities in their countries. The peoples of Oceania settled into three major groups—Melanesians, Micronesians, and Polynesians.

VS 2 Settlement and Independence The islands of Oceania were first settled by peoples from Asia. European explorers and settlers arrived in the 1500s. European powers quickly colonized the region and extracted its resources. Australia and New Zealand gained their independence in the early 1900s. The rest of Oceania gradually gained independence after World War II.

VS 3 Government and Society Australia and New Zealand both have a parliamentary system of government that closely resembles that of Great Britain. The Aborigines and Maori have won greater recognition of their cultures. Oceania has a variety of governing styles. Some countries have monarchies, while others are democratic republics.

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Vocab1 clan tribal community or large group of people related to one another

Vocab2 boomerang curved throwing stick used by Aborigines for hunting in Australia

Vocab3 dominion a partially self-governing country with close ties to another country

Vocab4 Strine colloquial English spoken in Australia

Vocab5 horticulture the science and art of growing fruits, vegetables, and plants

Vocab6 trust territory region placed by United Nations under temporary political and economic control of another country after World War II

Vocab7 subsistence farming producing just enough food for a family or a village to survive

Vocab8 pidgin English a dialect mixing English and a local language

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