Grammar The “4 – Level” Analysis

The 4 - Levels Jack ate a delicious sandwich. Level 1 – parts of speech Level 2 – parts of a sentence Level 3 – phrases within the sentence Level 4 – clauses and type of sentence

The 4 - Levels Jack ate a delicious sandwich. 1. noun action a/a adjective noun verb 2. subject simple direct object predicate 3. no phrases 4.independent clause simple declarative sentence A, an, the = article adjective (a/a)

The 4 - Levels Jack ate a delicious sandwich. 1. N AV a/a Adj N 2. Subj. Pred DO 3. No phrases 4. { independent clause } simple declarative

Level 1 Keys (Parts of Speech) Noun (N) = person, place or thing (Jack, hill, school, pail) Action Verb (AV) = a word that shows physical of mental action (walk, run, stand, think, dream) Adjective (Adj) = a word that modifies a noun, pronoun, or an adjective (beautiful, old, fast)

Level 1 Keys (Parts of Speech) Adverb (Adv)= a word that modifies a verb, adjective or another adverb (quickly, very, really, later) Article Adjective (a/a) = a, an, the Preposition (Prep)= a word that shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word in the sentence (after, above, under, with, in, until) Pronoun (Pro) = a word used in place of a noun (he, she, you, they, her, him, it, us)

Level 2 Keys (parts of a sentence) Simple Predicate (P) = part of that sentence that says what the subject does. It is always a verb. Simple Subject (S) = tells whom or what the sentence is about. Direct Object (DO) = a word or word group that shows the result of a verb’s action.

Questions to ask that will help you find sentence parts. Predicate: what word (or words) in the sentence are verbs? (ate) Subject: Who or what “predicate”? If the predicate is ate, who or what ate? (Jill) Jill ate. Direct Object: Subject, predicate, who or what? Jill ate an apple. Another example is on the next slide.

Example of Levels 1 and 2 Jack wrote a poem in class. Level 1: N AV a/a N Level 2: S P DO Predicate: Which word is the verb? (wrote) Subject: Who or what predicate? Who wrote? (Jack) Direct Object: Subject, predicate, who or what? Jack wrote what? (poem)

Level 3 Keys (Phrases) Initially, we will only be identifying prepositional phrases. A prepositional phrase begins with the preposition, and ends with the first noun. Example: We went into the store. prep noun {---- Prep Phrase----} If there are no prepositions, be sure to write No Phrases.

Level 4 Keys (clauses, type of sentences) Clause: a group of words that contain a subject and a predicate. John read the book aloud. Subj. Pred. Because this group of words makes sense, it is an independent clause, that is, it can stand alone.

Level 4 (Types of sentences) Simple sentence = one independent clause. Compound sentence = two independent clauses. Complex sentence = one independent clause and one complex clause. Declarative sentence = statement, ends with a period Interrogative = question, ends with a question mark. Imperative = command, ends with a period. Exclamatory = expresses strong feeling, ends with an exclamation point.