Terrorism in Sub Saharan Africa: Boko Haram & Al-Shabab A Presentation by Amb. Mahesh Sachdev CLAWS Seminar; New Delhi; Feb 25 2016.

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Terrorism in Sub Saharan Africa: Boko Haram & Al-Shabab A Presentation by Amb. Mahesh Sachdev CLAWS Seminar; New Delhi; Feb

Terror in SS Africa: General Remarks Ethnic, Religious and Socio-Political Contexts Overlapping National, Tribal & Religious Identities Porous Colonial Borders with Straddled Tribes Governance: Weak, Ham-handed and Episodic Political Legitimacy, Inclusiveness and Maturity North African Connection: AQIM, etc. Easy Availability of Weapons: Post-Qaddafi Libya Global Theatre and Global Theatrics Ambitions, Goals and Reach of African Militants

NIGERIA

Boko Haram: The Background of ‘ جماعة أهل السنة للدعوة والجهاد ’ Geography and History of Bornu Empire The Issues of Kannuri Ethnicity The Politics of Elections and Sharia 2009 Clampdown Regrouping and Ideological Evolution

Boko Haram Visuals Last Picture of Founder Mohammed Yusuf Alive A Screen Shot of Abubakar Shekhau, Current Leader Ali Modu Shatif, Governor Borno Boko Haram Carnage at Baga 2014

Boko Haram: Onwards Full Circle: Terror>Insurgency>Terror> ? The Government Response: Military Conundrum: Pride and Performance Buhari Presidency: More Comprehensive Strategy Regional and African Responses; MNJTF International Aspects: الولاية الإسلامية غرب أفريقيا ? Humanitarian Aspects: “#BringBackOur Girls” End Game: Military Defeat+ Eco-Political Reforms India’s Concerns: Attack in June 2012, etc.

Al Shabab: A Snapshot Siad Barre’s Rule in Somalia ( ) Subsequent Vacuum Fissiparous Trends and Anarchy Ethnic and Religious Issues in the Horn Region Poverty Trap, Drought and Foreign Aid Islamic Courts Union (ICU) حركة الشباب المجاهدين Harka Al-Shabab Al-Mujahedin African Union Mission to Somalia (AMISOM) Allegiance to Al-Qaeda (2012) & Islamic Terror Links WestGate Shopping Mall Attack, Nairobi (9/13) Piracy in Western Indian Ocean

Al Shabab Visuals Founder Ahmed Godane (12/2007–9/2014) Current Leader Ahmed Umar (Abu Ubaidah) A Screenshot of Al Shabab Video Captured Somali Pirates on Indian Navy Ship Westside Mall Nairobi Siege 9/2013 Al-Shabab Masacre in Northern Kenya

Terror in SS Africa: Some Conclusions Similarities & Differences from Other Regions Better Grasp Needed of Local Specifics (Ethnic) Significance of Local Socio-Political Stimuli Inter-linkages among Stakeholders With Friend Like These.... Patient Multi-Pronged Approach Required. Thank You! for Comments & Questions, reference, etc.: