EAC-RSI East Africa Community Regional System of Innovation Survey Presentation at the EAC Industrial Research, Technology & Innovation Technical Working Group, Nairobi Thurs 27 th June 2013

EAC Context – Why Measure the RSI Triple Helix Model Types and Transition Advancement in the Coherency of Model Actors’ Importance & Functional Relationships Industrial Diffusion of Innovation Policy Dimension Complimentarity to Other Initiatives Policy Implications & Action – Insight Methodology for Measurement of RSI Timeline Outputs – Policy Indications Provenance and Empirics Overview

The East African Community Development Strategy for the period 2011/ /16 outlines strategic goals of the East African Community as well as the specific targets, namely: “Over the next decade (2011–2020) the EAC will focus on … investment in higher education and training; development of financial markets; technology development; innovation; increased efficiency in production and distribution;”(p.15) “The human resource development initiative is being challenged by lack of a Regional Science and Technology Policy; inadequate mechanisms for regional collaboration and networking on research and technology development and innovations;”(p. 35) “…strengthening of the regional industrial R&D, Technology and Innovation systems.” (p.64) “…Strengthening of collaboration between EAC and international organizations/development partners on technology transfer.” (p.64) EAC Context – Why Measure the RSI

Triple Helix Model Types and Transition (1) TH- Type I

Triple Helix Model Types and Transition (2) TH- Type II

Triple Helix Model Types and Transition (3) TH- Type III

Advancement in the Coherency of Model TH- type IIII

KNOWLEDGE-BASED INSTITUTIONS –IDEATION, INNOVATION, SCIENCE –& TECHNOLOGY –SKILLED HUMAN CAPITAL –R&D COMMERCIALISATION INDUSTRY (MHT) –INNOVATION, R&D, SCIENCE –& TECHNOLOGY –RESEARCH MARKETISATION PLATFORM –HUMAN CAPITAL EMPLOYMENT GOVERNMENT –INCENTIVISING ACTORS’ INTERACTIONS ARBITRAGEURS –FACILITATING ACTORS’ INTERACTIONS & COLLABORATION VIA PRICE SIGNALS INTERMEDIATION FUNCTIONS TRANSFOR- MATIONAL & TRANSACTIONAL FUNCTIONS POLICY FUNCTIONS Actors’ Importance & Functional Relationships

TARGETS OF INNOVATION POLICY INCENTIVES THE MANUFACTURING, BUSINESS SECTOR & SUB-SECTORS Source: Everett M. Rogers, Diffusion of Innovations, 1962, Free Press FSAs ISAs Industrial Diffusion of Innovation Policy Dimension

UNDERSTANDING THE RSI IN EAC IN TERMS OF DYNAMIC MAPPING OF EAC-RSI CONSTITUENTS & ACTORS’ LINKAGES APPROACHES TO INNOVATION LEVEL & STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT EFFECTIVENESS OF FRAMEWORKS FOR STRENGTHENING LINKAGES EFFICIENCY OF NSI POLICY INCENTIVES ACCURATE UNDERSTANDING OF BARRIERS TO INNOVATION IN EAC CONDUCIVENESS OF POLICY INSTRUMENTS ADEQUACY OF HUMAN CAPITAL MAPPING & VISUALISATION OF INDUSTRY & MARKET COMPETITION MAPPING OF ORGANISATIONAL RIGIDITIES IMPROVEDPOLICYCRAFT&HIGHER-LEVELEFFICICIENCY& EFFECTIVENESS OF TECHNOLOGY&INNOVATIONPOLICY Policy Implications & Action - Insight

ASTI Complimentarity to Other Initiatives KBIsMHTIs GOV ARBs ASTI KBIsMHTIs GOV ARBs ASTI KBIsMHTIs GOV ARBs ASTI EVIDENCE BASED POLICY

Methodology for Measurement of RSI Create Database of Respondents Verification of Database Survey Creation Sensitise respondents Government letter Launch Workshop 1 st Electronic Reminder 2 nd Electronic Reminder 3 rd Electronic Reminder 4 th Electronic Reminder Evaluate Missing Responses Launch Survey Government Letter - Second Reminder Collation of Results Database of Responses Analysis

MAPPING OF ACTORS CUSTOMISING SURVEY INSTRUMENT LAUNCH DATA ACQUISITION & COLLATION REPORTING ANALYSIS OF DATA TIME (WORK MONTHS) TASKS Timeline

Outputs - Policy Indications Research Institution Linkages & Level of Innovativeness of BEs Allow RIs and KBIs to commercialise discoveries through amended contract conditions Inter- Intra Actor Linkages Establish a formal consultative process between GNSIPU, IND, KBI & ARBs Barriers to Innovation deficiencies in > Upgrade ICT infrastructure to enable ICT diffusion in “super corridors” and “super region” Barriers to Innovation insufficiencies in > Reconfiguring public procurement terms and conditions towards innovativeness Barriers to Innovation insufficiencies in > Use Government backed venture capital to ease credit for entrepreneurship

PUBLISHED “Surveying National Systems of Innovation (NSI) Using Free Open Source Software (FOSS): The Case of Ghana” – IST Africa conference 2013 – Nairobi May “Evidence-based Policy Making The Ghana National System of Innovation – Measurement, Analysis & Policy Recommendations” UNIDO, 2012 “Free Open Source Software (FOSS) and Survey Methodologies: The case of the Ghana National System of Innovation Survey” – IST Africa conference 2012 – Dar es Salam, Tanzania May 2012 “National Systems of Innovation (NSI): Measurement and implications for science technology and innovation policy in Ghana” - UNIDO Conference on Competitiveness & Diversification: Strategic Challenges in a Petroleum Rich Economy – Accra, Ghana March 2011 UNDER PEER REVIEW “Determinants of Innovativeness in the Ghana National System of Innovation (GNSI): Policy Implications for Middle-Income Developing Countries” - Research Policy (May 2013) UNDER PREPARATION FOR JOURNAL SUBMISSION “Barriers to Innovation: the case of Ghana & Implications for Developing Countries” “Measuring NSI in Developing Countries the Case of Ghana” “Measuring NSI a review of Methodological Approaches ” “NSI a Comprehensive Review of Literature” “A Structural Equation Modeling of NSI” Provenance and Empirics