Class Meeting 11 ITI-481 – UNIX ADMIN Chris Uriarte, Instructor ITI-481: Unix Administration Rutgers University Internet Institute Instructor: Chris Uriarte

Class Meeting 12 ITI-481 – UNIX ADMIN Chris Uriarte, Instructor Meeting Times and Locations Per Syllabus

Class Meeting 13 ITI-481 – UNIX ADMIN Chris Uriarte, Instructor Prerequisites Either ITI-480 Unix Fundamentals or equivalent user-level knowledge of Unix. You MUST know how to use a UNIX text editor (i.e. pico, vi, emacs)

Class Meeting 14 ITI-481 – UNIX ADMIN Chris Uriarte, Instructor Course Overview and Goals The purpose of this course is to teach you how to install a UNIX operating system and perform system administration activities in a hands-on environment. The course objective will be achieved through a combination of lecture, demonstrations, and hands-on exercises.

Class Meeting 15 ITI-481 – UNIX ADMIN Chris Uriarte, Instructor Major Topics Installing UNIX and Linux X-Window Configuration Installing Software Account Management Booting and Shutting Down Network Configuration Core System Services System Monitoring and Logging File System Administration Configuring Specific Services: NIS, SSH, Sendmail,Telnet, FTP, Printing Securing your Server

Class Meeting 16 ITI-481 – UNIX ADMIN Chris Uriarte, Instructor Course Resources Textbook: To be announced Instructor Website at (see link to ITI 481 at bottom of page) Workstation where each of you will install a copy of Linux. User account on Linux server iti.rutgers.edu.

Class Meeting 17 ITI-481 – UNIX ADMIN Chris Uriarte, Instructor Today’s Agenda Introduction to UNIX, UNIX distributions and some background concepts. Installing Linux on your own workstation.

Class Meeting 18 ITI-481 – UNIX ADMIN Chris Uriarte, Instructor What is UNIX UNIX is an operating system that originated at Bell Labs (NJ) in UNIX is actually a trademark, but often used as a generic term to describe “UNIX-like” operating systems. There are numerous different flavors of UNIX – all of which utilize similar UNIX operating system concepts, but may have different features or run on different hardware.

Class Meeting 19 ITI-481 – UNIX ADMIN Chris Uriarte, Instructor The UNIX Umbrella RedHat, Mandrake †, SuSe, Debian, Caldera, Yellowdog † FreeBSD, BSDI*, NetBSD OpenBSD Sun Solaris, HP HP-UX*, Compaq True 64 UNIX*, IBM AIX*, IRIX*, MAC OSX* SCO UNIX (now Caldera/Tarantula) Hardware Vendors BSD Flavors Linux Distributions Other * = Commercial distribution (i.e you must pay for it) † = Derivative of RedHat

Class Meeting 110 ITI-481 – UNIX ADMIN Chris Uriarte, Instructor Popularity vs. Maturity Popular Mature Sun Solaris HP-UX Compaq True 64 UNIX RedHat Linux / Linux Mandrake Debian Linux SuSe Caldera Linux FreeBSD / NetBSD / OpenBSD, etc. SCO UNIX RedHat Linux AIX Irix Darwin (Mac OSX)

Class Meeting 111 ITI-481 – UNIX ADMIN Chris Uriarte, Instructor What makes UNIX Unique? UNIX is a multi-user, time-sharing operating system: every user gets a piece of the CPU. UNIX flavors generally adhere to some types of standards (I.e. POSIX) UNIX standards allow for portability of software across multiple UNIX distributions.

Class Meeting 112 ITI-481 – UNIX ADMIN Chris Uriarte, Instructor What is Linux? A Unix-like operating system initially developed in the early 1990s by Linus Torvold. Initially developed to run on PC hardware but has been ported to other architectures as well. Distributed under a GNU General Public License – “free” software. Kernel is its distinguishing feature. Generally packaged in various distributions.

Class Meeting 113 ITI-481 – UNIX ADMIN Chris Uriarte, Instructor Linux Distributions Vary according to included software packages, package management systems, installation process, and Window Managers. Distributions –Red Hat Linux –Caldera OpenLInux –Linux Mandrake –Corel Linux –SuSE Linux –TurboLinux –Debian GNU/Linux –Slackware

Class Meeting 114 ITI-481 – UNIX ADMIN Chris Uriarte, Instructor Why Linux? Linux has matured greatly over the past 5 years and has positioned itself as the most flexible UNIX distribution today. It can be run on very low-end, generally available hardware. Lots of software available. Flexible – the same Linux distribution used by a hobbyist on low end hardware can be used by an enterprise on high-end hardware. It’s the first UNIX flavor to hit retail store shelves and is easily obtainable across the world. Administration skill sets transfer easily to and from other UNIX flavors. It’s free!

Class Meeting 115 ITI-481 – UNIX ADMIN Chris Uriarte, Instructor Planning for Your Linux System Is your hardware supported? Will it be a workstation or a server? Are there special services that you want to run (web server, server, DNS server, etc.) Will you need to store user and/or application data?

Class Meeting 116 ITI-481 – UNIX ADMIN Chris Uriarte, Instructor Checking Hardware Compatibility It’s very important that you make sure you hardware is fully supported by your UNIX distribution. Hardware Compatibility Lists (HCLs) contain the hardware supported by your OS vendor. They can be obtained at the vendor’s website. Therefore, it’s good to know some specifics about the hardware you’re using: amount of system RAM, brand of video card, brand of NIC brand of sound card, etc.

Class Meeting 117 ITI-481 – UNIX ADMIN Chris Uriarte, Instructor Hardware Compatibility, con’t. Some particularly good things to know about your hardware: –Video card: brand and chipset –Hard drive: total amount of hard drive space –Sound card: brand and model of sound card –Network Card: brand and model of NIC Some vendors have searchable hardware compatibility database –RedHat:

Class Meeting 118 ITI-481 – UNIX ADMIN Chris Uriarte, Instructor Disk Partitioning Disk Partitioning is the concept of dividing your hard disk into logical partiations, making one hard drive appear as if it’s actually multiple drives. There’s several reasons why we partition disks: –Performance –Ease of storage management –Security

Class Meeting 119 ITI-481 – UNIX ADMIN Chris Uriarte, Instructor UNIX Disk Partitioning In UNIX, a physical disk partition is associated with a directory path, sometimes referred to as a mount point. All files that are in directories associated with a mount point are stored on the mount point’s physical partition. If a directory path is not explicitly associated with a physical disk partition, its files are stored under the root ( “/” ) partition.

Class Meeting 120 ITI-481 – UNIX ADMIN Chris Uriarte, Instructor UNIX Partition Example /usr 2GB / (root) 1.5GB /home 4GB swapswap Example Partitioning Scheme: Total Hard Drive Space: 8GB Contains all files under the /usr directory (I.e. /usr/local/bin/pico, /usr/bin/vi, etc.) Contains all files under the /home directors (I.e. /home/chrisjur, /home/iti1234) Contains all other files and directors, such as /var, /opt, /sbin, etc. [HARD DRIVE]

Class Meeting 121 ITI-481 – UNIX ADMIN Chris Uriarte, Instructor Partition Naming In UNIX, the system gives each partition a special device name. In Linux, standard IDE hard drives are named /dev/hdx, where x is a unique letter given to identify the hard drive, starting with the letter a (e.g. /dev/hda) –For example, the first hard drive on the system is called /dev/hda. Partitions are given a name with the format /dev/hdx#, where /dev/hdx is the hard drive the partition is on, and # is a uniquely assigned partition number, starting with 1 (e.g. /dev/hda1). –For example, the first partition on the first hard drive on the system is called /dev/hda1.

Class Meeting 122 ITI-481 – UNIX ADMIN Chris Uriarte, Instructor Figuring out Your Partitions You will have to partition your disk during a typical UNIX installation. Common partitions include: / (called ‘root’), /usr, /home, /var Typical uses for specific UNIX partitions: –/usr – software packages –/home – user home directories –/var – log files and configuration files –/opt – software package and application installed (esp. on Solaris)

Class Meeting 123 ITI-481 – UNIX ADMIN Chris Uriarte, Instructor What do you need to Install UNIX? At minimum, you need a CD media containing the UNIX distribution. You may be able to set your computer to boot directly from the CD-ROM, which will start the install program. If your computer cannot boot directly from the CD-ROM, you must create a boot floppy disk, which will boot the computer and load the installation program from CD-ROM.

Class Meeting 124 ITI-481 – UNIX ADMIN Chris Uriarte, Instructor Exercise: Installing Linux On Your Workstations Refer to the distributed instructions.

Class Meeting 125 ITI-481 – UNIX ADMIN Chris Uriarte, Instructor Note: Linux and Other Operating Systems on a Single PC Yes, Linux can run on a PC that is running one or more other operating systems. However, there are a number of caveats: –Linux needs to be installed after Microsoft operating systems. –You need to have unused partitions on your existing PC hard drive to install Linux. –Linux needs to be installed on one or more of its own partitions. The kernel needs to be on a primary partition. –Multi-booting is not recommended for servers. Recommendation: If you really want to dual-boot Linux with another operating system, use a commercial software package like PartitionMagic and BootMagic (by PowerQuest)

Class Meeting 126 ITI-481 – UNIX ADMIN Chris Uriarte, Instructor Homework Homework this week: –As noted in class Next week: –Introduction to the X-Windows system –Software installation –Booting and Shutdown –Emergency boot procedures