First Aid

Lesson Overview  Preparing to help  What is first aid?  How to recognize and treat common emergencies  When minutes count: severe emergencies Chapter 3, Lesson 5

Ways to Prepare for an Emergency Situation  First aid is the immediate emergency care given to a sick or injured person before professional medical care can be provided  Learn basic first aid skills  Keep a list of emergency numbers near landline phones or in contact lists for cell phones  Keep first aid supplies/survival kit at home and in the car Chapter 3, Lesson 5 Photo Courtesy of Fotolia

First Aid and Survival Kit  Water, one gallon of water per person per day for at least three days, for drinking and sanitation Water  Food, at least a three-day supply of non-perishable food Food  First Aid Kit, spend at least 20 dollars  Battery-powered Radio, Flashlight, Whistle, Dust mask, Moist towelettes, garbage bags and plastic ties for personal sanitation, extra batteries  Wrench or pliers to turn off utilities turn off utilitiesturn off utilities  Manual can opener, Cell phone with chargers, inverter or solar charger Chapter 3, Lesson 5

The First 4 Steps for First Aid  Recognize the signs of an emergency  Decide to act  Call for help  Provide care until help arrives Chapter 3, Lesson 5 Photo Courtesy of Fotolia

Recognize the Emergency  Recognize the signs of an emergency  Can be tough  Easy to recognize emergencies Fire and Accidents Fire and Accidents  Hard to recognize emergencies Cardiac Events and Stroke Cardiac Events and Stroke Chapter 3, Lesson 5 Photo Courtesy of Fotolia

First Aid-Decide to Act  Decide to act  Is the area safe  Is the victim conscious or unconscious You need to stay safe You need to stay safe  Check the ABC’s Airway Airway Breathing Breathing Circulation Circulation Chapter 3, Lesson 5 Photo Courtesy of Fotolia

Calling for Help in First Aid  Call for help- CALL 911  My name is (NAME).  I'm calling from (LOCATION ADDRESS).  My family, friends, person you are helping (Name and Age)  He/She has a (medical issue, mental health condition, description of what is going on)  Wait for instructions from 911 operator  Stay on line until help arrives Chapter 3, Lesson 5 Photo Courtesy of Fotolia

Providing Care in First Aid  Provide care until help arrives  For the conscious victim Make comfortable Make comfortable Treat for shock Treat for shock Provide first aid Provide first aid  For the unconscious victim Place in recovery position Place in recovery position Treat for shock Treat for shock Provide first aid Provide first aid Chapter 3, Lesson 5 Photo Courtesy of Fotolia

Universal Precautions  Wear disposable gloves  Use a facemask or shield for breathing emergencies  Cover any open wounds  Avoid touching any object that had contact with the victim’s blood  Always wash your hands thoroughly after giving first aid Chapter 3, Lesson 5 Photo Courtesy of Fotolia

Treating Common Emergencies  Sprains  R.I.C.E. method  Broken bones  Splints  Insect bites and stings  Take caution to prevent tick bites  Animal bites  Clean and dress wound  ER visit needed if animal is rapid Chapter 3, Lesson 5

Heat-Related Illnesses  Heat cramps are painful, involuntary muscle spasms that usually occur during heavy exercise in hot weather  Rest, cool, water, shade, and sports drinks  Heat exhaustion is characterized, by faintness, nausea, rapid heartbeat, hot, red, dry, cold pale, and clammy skin, the victim is normally conscious  Drink cool water, spray person with cool water, move to A/C room, have them lie down  Heatstroke, is a serious and life threating condition, core temp rises to 104 degrees and key organs shut down  Call 911, spray person with cool water, move to A/C room, and cold bath Chapter 3, Lesson 5

Treating Common Emergencies, cont.  Foreign object in the eye  Rinse eye  Nosebleed  Lean forward and pinch nose  Fainting  Lay down, loosen clothing Chapter 3, Lesson 5 Photo Courtesy of Fotolia

Severe Emergencies  Stay calm and call for help  The Golden Hour  Choking  Upward Abdominal Thrust maneuver is  Upward Abdominal Thrust maneuver is used to treat choking victims   Shock   Keep warm and raise feet   Severe bleeding   Direct pressure, pressure points, tourniquet Chapter 3, Lesson 5

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)  Everyone should be trained to perform CPR  Only people who have received the proper training should perform CPR  First step is to call 911  Next step is to administer CPR Chapter 3, Lesson 5 Photo Courtesy of Fotolia

Automated External Defibrillator (AED)  Used to revive victims of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)  An electric shock from an AED can restore the heart’s normal rhythm  Rapid treatment of SCA with an AED provides the best chance for survival for cardiac victims Chapter 3, Lesson 5 Photo Courtesy of Fotolia

Summary Chapter 3, Lesson 5  What is first aid?  How to recognize and treat common emergencies  When minutes count: severe emergencies