Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: In Vitro Quantification of Time Dependent Thrombus Size Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computational Simulations of Thrombus Surface Shear Stresses J Biomech Eng. 2014;136(7): doi: / (a) A schematic of the flow loop containing the acrylic BFS model used for MRI experiments. The inlet and outlet tubes were only used for filling/draining the loop and were clamped during blood circulation. Arrows indicate the direction of flow. (b) A cross- sectional view of both segments of the BFS model at the seam. Figure Legend:

Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: In Vitro Quantification of Time Dependent Thrombus Size Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computational Simulations of Thrombus Surface Shear Stresses J Biomech Eng. 2014;136(7): doi: / (a) Inlet, (b) outlet, (c) acrylic, and (d) thrombus STL files exported from Avizo for a thrombus formed after 10 min of blood circulation Figure Legend:

Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: In Vitro Quantification of Time Dependent Thrombus Size Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computational Simulations of Thrombus Surface Shear Stresses J Biomech Eng. 2014;136(7): doi: / (a) Changes in normalized thrombus height (measured at the step) and length with increasing blood circulation time are presented. These values were normalized with the BFS height, 2.5 mm. The reattachment length of the initial recirculation region was normalized by the step height and marked on the right vertical axis. Error bars represent the SEM and n = 3 for all blood circulation times. (b) The changes in thrombus volume and exposed surface area (SA) with increasing blood circulation time are presented. Error bars represent the SEM and n = 3 for all blood circulation times. Figure Legend:

Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: In Vitro Quantification of Time Dependent Thrombus Size Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computational Simulations of Thrombus Surface Shear Stresses J Biomech Eng. 2014;136(7): doi: / Both the mean and maximum WSS and WSR calculated on the thrombus surfaces are presented with increasing blood circulation time. Error bars represent the SEM and n = 3 for all blood circulation times. Figure Legend:

Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: In Vitro Quantification of Time Dependent Thrombus Size Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computational Simulations of Thrombus Surface Shear Stresses J Biomech Eng. 2014;136(7): doi: / Three axial slices of the lumen through a representative thrombus after (a) 10, (b) 30, and (c) 60 min of blood circulation. Velocity contours are shown to illustrate recirculation regions, and the acrylic model has been outlined in white after the BFS to show the thrombus boundaries. The positions of the slices are indicated with white lines across the WSS distribution on the thrombus surface. A white arrow on each velocity plot denotes the location of the step, and flow is from left to right in all plots. The length scales are different for the velocity and WSS plots. (a) Regions of high WSS are predicted on protrusions from the thrombus surface, even though the entire thrombus is contained within a recirculation region. (b) Location 1 in the velocity plot indicates a portion of the thrombus protruding into the lumen which causes a small recirculation region to develop downstream. This same location in the WSS plot has heightened WSS on the peak followed by a region of very low WSS. Location 2 indicates a recirculation region extending nearly the length of the thrombus, and this corresponds to a strip of low WSS. An example recirculation region has been magnified to provide a better view. (c) Location 3 in the velocity plots indicates a small recirculation region immediately downstream of the step which is reflected as a low WSS region on the upstream portion of the thrombus surface. Location 4 indicates a protrusion that extends far into the lumen of the model. This corresponds to the highest WSS calculated on any of the thrombus surfaces in this study. Location 5 indicates a small recirculation region that forms after this peak and the low WSS region that the CFD predicted at the same location. Figure Legend:

Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: In Vitro Quantification of Time Dependent Thrombus Size Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computational Simulations of Thrombus Surface Shear Stresses J Biomech Eng. 2014;136(7): doi: / Histograms of the WSS magnitude for the representative thrombi shown in Figs. 9(a)–9(c). (a) Corresponds to the 10 min thrombus in Fig. 9(a), 9(b) corresponds to the 30 min thrombus in Fig. 9(b), and 9(c) corresponds to the 60 min thrombus in Fig. 9(c). Figure Legend:

Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: In Vitro Quantification of Time Dependent Thrombus Size Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computational Simulations of Thrombus Surface Shear Stresses J Biomech Eng. 2014;136(7): doi: / WSS distributions and corresponding histograms for all three thrombi imaged after 30 min of blood circulation. For panels (a)–(c), the mean/maximum WSS values are 0.13/2.2, 1.45/11.0, and 0.35/5.1 dyn/cm 2, respectively. Figure Legend:

Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: In Vitro Quantification of Time Dependent Thrombus Size Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computational Simulations of Thrombus Surface Shear Stresses J Biomech Eng. 2014;136(7): doi: / Reconstructions of thrombi formed after all blood circulation times considered in this study (one representative thrombus for each time). The blood circulation time is displayed in the left column, a side view of the thrombus is presented in the middle column, and a top view of the thrombus is presented in the right column. The asymptotic behavior of both thrombus height and length can be observed qualitatively. The scale bar represents a distance of 5 mm, and the thrombi were formed in flow moving from left to right. Figure Legend:

Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: In Vitro Quantification of Time Dependent Thrombus Size Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computational Simulations of Thrombus Surface Shear Stresses J Biomech Eng. 2014;136(7): doi: / Velocity map and contours presented for the empty BFS model. The recirculation region can clearly be observed downstream of the step, with the site of initial thrombus formation indicated with a white “X.” The reattachment length measures 16.9 mm (6.76 S) and flow is from left to right. Figure Legend:

Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: In Vitro Quantification of Time Dependent Thrombus Size Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computational Simulations of Thrombus Surface Shear Stresses J Biomech Eng. 2014;136(7): doi: / An image obtained from histology sectioning displaying a magnified view of a thrombus surface that was exposed to blood flow. The primary components of the thrombus, red blood cells, and fibrin have been stained a pinkish-red color by H&E. A purple stained nucleus of a white blood cell can also be observed in the slice. Black circles illustrate two surface features (one valley and one protrusion) that are too small to be resolved in this study. Figure Legend: