9.1 Uses Grammar Practice Part A 9.2 We can use the bare infinitive or the -ing form after some verbs 9.3 Verbs followed by the to-infinitive or the -ing form Part B Part C Language Practice Part D Part E Part F

We were about to leave when it started 9.1 We can use either a to-infinitive or the -ing form after the following verbs, without their meaning changing: allow permit bother recommend hate prefer bear advise propose love like intend begin continue start We were about to leave when it started to rain. raining. to-infinitive -ing P.66

P.66 1 We always use the to-infinitive after would like. Can I borrow that book? I would like/’d like to read it. P.66

P.66 2 It is more common to use a to-infinitive after prefer. My grandparents dislike flying. They prefer to travel by train. We can also use prefer in these structures: He prefers tea to coffee. (prefer something to something else) He prefers going to the cinema to watching DVDs. (prefer doing something to doing something else) P.66

P.66 He prefers to go to the cinema than to watch DVDs. (prefer to do something than to do something else) When we talk about what we would prefer to do in a particular situation, we use would prefer + to-infinitive. It’s raining. I’d prefer to stay at home today. P.66

! Caution! 1 We do not normally use the -ing form after the continuous forms of begin, start and continue (to avoid having two -ing endings).  It’s starting raining.  It’s starting to rain. P.66

P.66 2 We also use the infinitive form of the verbs like understand, know, realise, like, admire after start, begin and continue.  After working with him for some time, I began admiring his flexibility.  After working with him for some time, I began to admire his flexibility. P.66

P.67 3 The following verbs have two possible structures. Be careful when you use them. advise/allow/recommend/encourage/permit + -ing advise/allow/recommend/encourage/permit + object + to-infinitive  He advised to buy an Octopus card.  He advised buying an Octopus card.  He advised us to buy an Octopus card. P.67

P.67 suggest + -ing form OR + that-clause  She suggested to have dinner together.  She suggested having dinner together sometime.  She suggested me to have dinner with her.  She suggested that we (should) have dinner together sometime. P.67

Grammar Practice Complete the sentences using the correct form of the given verbs. When two answers are possible, write ONE answer only. The first one has been done for you as an example. P.67

P.67 1 Do you like ____________________ (play) chess? to play/playing 2 After dinner, she continued _________________ (do) her homework. 3 Would you like _______________ (listen) to some music? 4 I like ________________________ (swim) in the summer. to play/playing to do/doing to listen to swim/swimming P.67

P.67 5 She advised __________________ (take) a short course in taking writing skills. 6 The wind was beginning __________________ (pick up) when we got to the beach. 7 John intends _________________ (buy) a car. 8 She prefers ________________ (go) to Sai Kung for the field trip. taking to pick up to buy to go/going P.67

9.2 We can use the bare infinitive or the -ing form after see, notice, watch, observe, hear, overhear, feel, etc. depending on whether we see, notice, etc. an entire action or only part of an action in progress. Students rushed to help the teacher when they saw him drop his books and papers. (= we saw the entire action from beginning to end) I saw him talking on the phone, so I thought I’d wait. (= he was talking on the phone when I saw him) P.67

9.3 The verbs below may be followed by the to-infinitive or the -ing form, depending on the meaning we want to express. P.68

Please remember to post the letter to John on your way to school tomorrow. • We use the to-infinitive when we remember or forget something before we have to do it. I remember meeting you at John’s party last month. • We use the -ing form when we remember or forget something after we do it. remember/forget P.68

try P.68 Tom: You’re late. Pat: I’m sorry, I tried to get a taxi, but I couldn’t find one. • When we try to do something, we make an effort to do it. Tom: I can’t get this price sticker off my new mug. Pat: Why don’t you try soaking the mug in water? • When we try doing something, we do it and see what happens. P.68

stop P.68 On his way to school, he stopped to buy a newspaper. • If we stop to do something, we stop what we are doing so that we can do something else. When the teacher came in, the students stopped talking. • If we stop doing something, we no longer do it. P.68

regret I regret to say I won’t be able to come to the meeting tomorrow. • We use regret + to-infinitive to say that we are sorry for what we must do now. I didn’t mean to hurt her feelings. I regret shouting at her. • We use regret + -ing form to say that we feel sorry for something we did. P.68

mean P.69 I meant to call you last night, but I forgot. • We use mean + to-infinitive to say that we intend to do something. He was upset when he missed the ferry. It meant waiting for another half an hour. • When we use mean to show something is likely to result in something else, we use the -ing form after the verb. P.69

afraid P.69 I’m afraid to ask her. She may get angry. • We use be afraid + to-infinitive to say that we do not have the courage to do something because of the consequences the action described by the to-infinitive may bring about. I don’t like climbing. I’m afraid of falling. • We use be afraid of + -ing form when we are afraid there is a possibility that the action described by the gerund will happen. P.69

sorry I’m sorry to bother you, but could you help me move this desk? • We use sorry + to-infinitive before we do something as a polite way of excusing ourselves. We are sorry to hear that your brother had an accident yesterday. • We use sorry + to hear, learn, see, read, etc. to express sympathy for somebody. I’m sorry for being late. I was stuck in a traffic jam. • We use sorry + for + -ing form to apologise for something we have done. P.69

interested P.69 Tell me your plan. I’m interested to hear about it. • We say interested to know, learn, see or hear something when we want to find out more about it. I invited them to join me, but none of them was interested in hiking. • We are interested in doing something when we are eager to do it. P.69

Complete the dialogues using the words in brackets Complete the dialogues using the words in brackets. The first one has been done for you as an example. P.70

P.70 1 A: The light was on when I got up this morning. B: Was it? Your brother must have forgotten ____________ _______________ (turn off/it) last night. 2 A: I’m sorry I forgot _______________ (post) your letter. B: It’s OK. I’ll post it tomorrow. it off to turn to post P.70

P.70 3 A: I didn’t invite Sarah because you told me she was in Japan. B: Did I? I don’t remember _______________ (say) that. 4 A: Why didn’t you tell Peggy about the picnic? B: I tried _______________ (call) her several times, but she didn’t answer her phone. saying calling P.70

P.70 5 A: My phone isn’t working. B: Have you tried ________________ (change) the battery? 6 A: We had a good time at the party. B: I know, Jane told me. I regret _________________ (not/go). changing not going P.70

P.70 7 A: Melinda said she wasn’t going with them. B: But I heard her _______________ (tell) Susan that she was. 8 A: Have you seen Justin today? B: I saw him _______________ (talk) to Peter just now. tell/telling talking P.70

Choose the correct words to complete the sentences Choose the correct words to complete the sentences. The first one has been done for you as an example. P.70

P.70 1 I’m sorry __________________ about your brother’s accident. 2 It’s beginning _______________ . Have you got an umbrella? 3 We took a taxi to the station because we were afraid _______________ our train. (1) to hear/ hearing (2) to rain/raining (3) to miss/of missing to hear to rain of missing P.70

P.70 4 Everyone was keen _______________ my story. 5 I’m glad _______________ that your cat has returned. 6 I remember _______________ the door before I left this morning. (4) to hear/in hearing (5) to hear/of hearing (6) to lock/locking to hear to hear locking P.70

P.70 7 We regret _______________ you that to tell your application has been unsuccessful. 8 I meant _________________ that doll for Sue’s birthday, but it was too expensive. (7) to tell/telling (8) to buy/buying to tell to buy P.70

Language Practice Match the beginning of the sentences in Column A with the endings in Column B. Each letter in Column B can be used ONCE only. The first one has been done for you as an example. P.71

P.71 1 Janet won’t go because she’s busy 2 When I saw the photo, I couldn’t help 3 After finishing school, he decided 4 She still remembers 5 It started _________ e g d a b COLUMN B P.71

P.71 a. learning to play the violin in primary school. b. raining soon after we got home. c. to take a short rest. d. to start a company of his own. e. finishing her book report. f. to working for others. g. laughing; it was so funny. COLUMN A P.71

P.71 6 My brother prefers running his own business _________ f 7 After working for three hours, they stopped _________ f c COLUMN B P.71

P.71 a. learning to play the violin in primary school. b. raining soon after we got home. c. to take a short rest. d. to start a company of his own. e. finishing her book report. f. to working for others. g. laughing; it was so funny. COLUMN A P.71

Read the first sentence Read the first sentence. Then complete the second sentence using either a to-infinitive, a bare infinitive or the -ing form. When there are two possible answers, write ONE answer only. Follow the example. P.71

P.71 1 ‘You’d better wear a jacket,’ she said. She advised me ___________________________________ _______________________________________________ . 2 Do you want to see my photo albums? Would you like ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ? to wear a jacket to see my photo albums P.71

P.71 3 ‘Let’s play badminton,’ he said. He suggested _____________________________________ _______________________________________________ . 4 Paul doesn’t play the piano any more. Paul’s stopped ____________________________________ playing badminton playing the piano P.71

P.71 5 I dislike hearing dogs barking at night. I can’t bear ______________________________________ _______________________________________________ . 6 Will you please wait a moment? Would you mind __________________________________ _______________________________________________ ? to hear/hearing dogs barking at night waiting a moment P.71

Complete the story using the correct form of each verb in brackets Complete the story using the correct form of each verb in brackets. The first one has been done for you as an example. P.72

A P.72 ll the customers who shopped at the new supermarket had one goal: (1) (be) the lucky customer who did not have to pay for his or her shopping. This was what the notice just inside the entrance promised: ‘Once a week, one of our customers will shop for free. You could (2) (be) that lucky customer!’ (1) ____________ (2) ____________ A to be be P.72

P.72 to shop/ shopping For several days Edward continued (3) (shop) for things at the supermarket. The cupboards in his kitchen were full of things which he did not need. His friends advised him (4) (stop) his shopping spree, but he wouldn’t listen. He dreamed of the day when the manager would come to him and (5) (say): ‘Sir, this is your lucky day. Everything in your trolley is free.’ (3) ____________ (4) ____________ (5) ____________ to stop say P.72

P.72 One morning, when Edward was on his way to the supermarket again, he couldn’t help (6) (feel) that something good was going to happen that day. It took Edward quite a while (7) (choose) all the things he wanted. Once again though, he was disappointed: luck was not on his side after all. (6) ____________ (7) ____________ feeling to choose P.72

P.72 He was taking his shopping to his car when he suddenly remembered that he had forgotten (8) (buy) some tea. He went back to the supermarket, got the tea and then went to the check-out. (8) ____________ to buy P.72

P.72 coming Just then he saw the manager (9) (come) to him, ‘Sir, allow me (10) (congratulate) you! You are this week’s lucky customer and so everything you have in your trolley is free!’ (9) ____________ (10) ____________ coming to congratulate P.72