Tactics, and Federal Regulation.   Interest groups’ tactics for attempting to influence Congressional action (or inaction) fall in to 4 general categories:

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Presentation transcript:

Tactics, and Federal Regulation

  Interest groups’ tactics for attempting to influence Congressional action (or inaction) fall in to 4 general categories:  1) Lobbying  2) Electioneering  3) Litigation  4) Publicity Interest Group Tactics

  Two types of lobbyists Full-time employee Temporary employee Often former legislators or staffers  Why do Congressmen listen to lobbyists? Lobbyists provide specialized expertise Lobbyists help with political & campaign strategy Lobbyists provide ideas Lobbying

 *Direct “Lobbying” (Meeting with Lawmakers) “Lobbyist” “Lobby”

Industries’ big spenders on lobbying,

  Endorsements and Report Card Ratings  Get-out-the-vote efforts  Campaign contributions “Electioneering”

 *Political Endorsements (Campaign advertisements for candidates whose political views align with their own) “Endorsed” “Special Interest Group”

 Sen. John Cornyn R-Texas $3.2 Million *Political Donations (Through PACs)

 Political Action Committees  Who has PACs?  Corporations 50% of all PACs  Ideological Organizations 25%- rapidly increasing  Professional/trade/ health associations 15%  Labor Unions 10%  Overrepresentation of upper/upper middle classes and under representation of poor.

  Suing for enforcement Environmental regulations Civil rights groups – 1950s Brown v. Board of Education  Amicus curiae briefs  Class action lawsuits Litigation

  Mobilizing public opinion via a variety of methods:  Mass media  Mass mailings  Political advertisements Publicity

 *Propaganda (Political Ads) “Obamacare” “Interest Group”

  Lobbyists are required to register with the clerk of the House and the secretary of the Senate and indicate:  What group they are representing,  The amount of their salary or compensation, and  What types of expenses are reimbursed to them  They also have to file quarterly financial statements.  Source of these controls: 1946 Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act Federal Regulation of Interest Groups

  1978 Ethics in Government Act:  Senior executive branch officials cannot lobby federal agencies on a matter that fell within their scope of responsibility for two years after leaving government service.  In addition, they are prohibited from lobbying anyone in their former agency:  1) on any issue for one year, and  2) forever on matters that they were involved in  Note that these controls do not apply to Congressional lobbying Attempts to slow the “Revolving Door”