Associate Prof. Meral TOPCU SULAK

 Introduction  Karabuk City  Study Area Description  Materials and Methods  Results  Conclusions Contents 2

Water is an essential component for life on Earth, which contains minerals extremely important in human nutrition. However, the dramatic increase in population resulted in an enormous consumption of the world’s water reserves. Water issues are multi-dimensional including economical, social, political and cultural aspects. 3 Introduction

Rapid urbanization and increasing populations have accelerated the consumption of water resources and caused serious environmental problems in the last few decades. Numerous studies have shown serve water pollution, as well as adverse effects caused by exploitation, such as land subsidence, water ecosystem degradation, land desertification, drinking water pollution and associated human health risk. 4 Introduction

The United Nations Millennium Declaration adopted the goal of reducing by half the proportion of people without access to safe drinking water by the The supply of safe potable water has a significant impact on the prevention of water transmissible diseases. The abundance of organic compounds, toxic chemicals, radionuclides, nitrites and nitrates in potable water may cause adverse effects on the human health. It is essential to constantly monitor water quality used for drinking purposes. Contamination of potable water with chemical polluntants has a considerable impact on the Turkey population health. 5 Introduction

Karabuk, Zonguldak and Bartın are in the western black sea region of the Turkey, about 220 km from Ankara. 6 Study Area Description

Karabük is a town and the capital district of Karabük Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. According to the 2009 census, population of the city is The district covers an area of 760 km 2, and the town lies at an elevation of 354. Karabük was built in the 1930s as the seat of the iron and steel industry of Turkey. Karabük lies in a location near Filyos River formed by the merge of Araç and Soğanlı rivers. 7 Karabuk City…

Sampling Area The drinking water samples were collected from 3 different cities, 12 different locations in western black sea, Turkey. 8 Fig. 1. Map of a sampling area in the western black sea, Turkey.

Results (Surface Water) PARAMETER SAMPLE ID A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8A9A10A11A12AB-1AB-2AB-3 Oil- Gres, ppm 0,6000,4000,600 2,400 0,8002,0000,600 2,800 0,8001,8000,8002,000 1,8002,4001,000 Colour, Pt-Co 3,125 5,510 4,1884,601 5,283 4,1369,1364,7526,6294,143 8,138 8,233 5,418 2,770 11,972 pH 8,178,168,38,33 o 8,18,03 8,55 8,398,468,378,448,478,488,45 8,54 SS, ppm 0,8500,9000,7003,2002,4501,7500,4002,8503,4501,2501,05011,7503,7500,7000,200 P, ppm 0,0180,0170,0100,0150,0250,0220,0260,1360,0910,0120,0550,0210,011 0,0360,033 NH 4 +, ppm 0,006 0,0250,0200,0302,1151,8572,3760,9700,0010,0090,1720,0090,1930,074 COD, ppm 5,3001,4005,3001,0000,9000,7000,80014,1006,8001,5001,3007,7005,3005,1006,400 Y.A.M, ppm 0,0020,003 0,0050,0040,0050,0080,0030,0020,0040,0080,0020,0040,002 Cr 6+, ppm 0,0290,0110,0050,006 0,0010,002 0,0010,0080,0140,0080,0050,0030,007 Cd, ppb 1,9621,4110,9500,8540,6520,2710,3890,5090,4420,4080,4930,8400,4440,3870,395 Co, ppb 1,5430,4821,7440,4041,3190,6430,4861,5330,7970,8240,2321,1611,2700,1260,819 Cr, ppb 2,2911,5942,8781,5291,9681,7552,4011,5991,9671,2751,1170,9420,6660,3871,086 Cu, ppb 0,5740,3600,3100,1720,4682,8541,1181,5240,7320,6070,7560,1380,8350,2090,135 Fe, ppb 8,8499,5141,7165,3896,30163,27328,92023,97028,3382,05582,78323,571457,2405,37543,686 Ni, ppb 0,3430,2290,8340,0070,7480,6530,2430,3020,7071,6520,4730,3141,1970,6720,108 Pb, ppb 19,77230,66929,64431,25221,80319,68612,30820,43814,63615,3684,71818,4571,46522,46023,627 Çinko, ppb 4,25864,86416,37390,65623,44933,45716,24531,08624,4835,40014,5454,7106,6453,5916,862 9

10 Results (Potable Water) Western Black Sea (ZONGULDAK) Standarts ParameterEreğliDevrekKozlu Turkish Standardization Institute WHO EPA Turbidity (NTU birimi) 0,3600,2300, Total Coliform 0,000 <10 F-F- 0,3120,2470, ,7-2,4 NO 3 - 0,2160,5600, Hg <0, Colour(Co-Pt ) 2,9342,6492, pH 7,767,77/ 19,8 o 7,64/ 21,0 o SO ,54655,45022, Ca 46,09278,55768, Hardness(CaCO 3 ) 142,500157,000102, Mg 96,40878,443 34, CI - 9,9977, K 1,549391,773070, Ag 0, , , Al 0,134390, , As 0, , , Ba 0, , , Cd 0, , , Cr(Total) 0, , , Cu 0,000840, , Fe 0, , , Mn 0, ,001210, Pb 0, , , Sb 0, , , Se 0,001810, , Zn 0,120450, ,

Western Black Sea (BARTIN) Standarts ParameterAmasra Merkez Orduyeri Ulus Turkish Standardization Institute WHO EPA Turbidity (NTU birimi) 0,7300, Total Coliform 0,000 <10 F-F- 0,2560,3250, ,7-2,4 NO 3 - 0,2330,4770,36550 Hg <0, Colour(Co-Pt ) 3,1792,5413, pH 7,977,537, SO ,19312,9671, Ca 70,54086,17274, Hardness(CaCO 3 ) 137,500142,500122, Mg66,96056,328 48, CI - 2,499 7,4981, K 0, ,619010, Ag 0, , , Al 0, , , As 0, , , Ba 0, , , Cd 0, , , Cr(Total) 0, , , Cu 0, , , Fe 0, , , Mn 0, , , Pb 0, , , Sb 0, , , Se 0, , , Zn 0, , , Results (Potable Water)

Western Black Sea (KARABUK) Standarts ParameterMerkezEskipazarEflaniYenice Turkish Standardization Institute WHO EPA Turbidity (NTU birimi) Total Coliform0000<10 F-F ,7-2,4 NO Hg< Colour(Co-Pt ) pH SO ,69250 Ca Hardness(CaCO 3 ) Mg CI K Ag Al As Ba Cd Cr(Total) Cu Fe Mn Pb Sb Se Zn Results (Potable Water)

Conclusions Several drinking water samples had values of EC, essential and trace elements are suitable the National Turkish and WHO drinking water standards. Ba and Mg concentrations exceed the guidelines for safe water for three cities (Karabuk, Zonguldak, Bartın). Western black sea region has hardness water. The parameters monitored in drinking water during the study satisfy the standards (set by WHO, EPA, EU, and the relevant Turkish Regulations) except for Ba and Mg. 13