The English Civil War and Glorious Revolution ( )

Queen Elizabeth – ( ) Daughter of Henry VIII, she served as a Protestant force in England, and did a couple major things…

Ensured that Anglican remained the religion of England

Turned England into a world power by doing two things… –Defeating Spain –Financing early exploration of North America

After struggles between Henry’s heirs, Elizabeth settled disputes about whether or not England would remain Catholic.

Being a female ruler in this period was very uncommon, so Elizabeth was fiercely independent and did not want to give away power.

She did not want to be subordinate to the nobles. She never married She had many weaker advisors, none whom had too much power.

Following the divorce between Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragorn, relations between England and Spain fell apart.

Philip of Spain was married to Mary (Elizabeth’s Catholic half-sister).

He tried to marry Elizabeth after Mary was killed to keep the alliance between Spain and England going. Elizabeth kept him waiting. TEASE

While Elizabeth kept Philip waiting for a marriage proposal, she sent out Frances Drake to raid Spanish gold ships in the Caribbean.

This naturally angered Philip, so he organized a large invasion force to attack England.

The Spanish Armada was organized in 1588, with 30,000 men and 130 warships.

Spanish ships were powerful and large, but very slow.

English ships were smaller and weaker, but very fast

A combination of good tactics and bad weather drove the Armada away from England.

20 of their ships and 6,000 men were lost

With Spain weakened, Elizabeth could now focus on sending explorers like Sir Walter Raleigh, John Smith, John Cabot, etc. to explore and colonize North America.

James I ( )

When Elizabeth I died in 1603, her cousin James of Scotland took over.

–He was a loyal Protestant –Believed in the “divine right of kings” –Did not want to give too much power to Parliament.

Parliament has problems with James. –His brand of Protestantism was too “Catholic” –He didn’t have any tact when dealing with Parliament. –He spent a lot of money on private expenses.

Charles I ( ) James’ son had many of the same problems with Parliament.

War with Spain forced Charles to go to Parliament to get money.

They refused to help him unless he signed a document called “The Petition of Right”

The king could not raise an army, tax people, quarter troops in people’s houses or impose martial law without good cause or the consent of Parliament.

Became one of the documents that the US Constitution was based on. Charles signed the document.

Charles then shut down the parliament and refused to allow them to meet for 11 years.

English Civil War Causes Disputes between king and Parliament over: Taxes Power Religion

Civil War ( ) The forces of Parliament, called Parliamentarians or Roundheads, organized under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell.

To start the war, they had a less- experienced military but more money.

Supporters included merchants and the middle class (anyone who got their power from the Parliament). Wore their hair short, unlike the rich nobles.

Royalists, or cavaliers, were the supporters of the king.

They had a more experienced army, but less money. Supporters included nobles (anyone who got their power from the king).

Oliver Cromwell was a strict Protestant (Puritan)member of Parliament and a military genius.

He organized and trained a Parliamentary army (New Model Army) which defeated the Royalist army and captured Charles after several years.

Charles was executed for treason in 1649.

Cromwell used the military to dissolve Parliament, put himself in power as Lord Protector, and ruled England from

What sort of impact would the death of Charles I have on England and throughout the world?

Charles II ( )

Following Cromwell’s death, and ten years of strict rule, Parliament invited Charles I’s son, to become king of England.

If you were invited to rule by a group of people who was partially responsible for killing your father, what would you do as ruler? Why?

This period in British history is known as the “Restoration,” because Charles helped restore the ties between the king and parliament.

Charles was a moderate leader, did not cause any trouble with Parliament, but began to lean towards Catholicism.

He actually converted to Catholicism on his death bed.

James II ( )

James II was the brother of Charles II

He had Catholic leanings, and had a son, who many people feared would become a Catholic king.

Parliament feared a Catholic king, so they invited his first daughter, Mary, and her husband William, to come rule.

William and Mary ( ) William landed troops in England and took over power without a fight.

This is known as the “Glorious Revolution”

William and Mary signed the “English Bill of Rights (1689)” which limited the power of future kings, and made Parliament the ruler of England.

Kings cannot taxes, raise an army, post large bails, restrict freedom of speech, etc.

Became one of the foundations of the US Bill of Rights