The Triumph of England’s Parliament from Tudor Rule to Stuart Rule During the Age of Absolutism Chapter 17 Lesson 2 Notes The Thames River

The Tudor dynasty rules England ( ) [begins with King Henry VII who ends civil war, the Wars of the Roses] Henry VIII rules by divine right but asks Parliament to pass: Act of Supremacy, making monarch head of Church of England permission to levy new taxes once the king asks for Parliament’s approval

“Virgin Queen” Elizabeth I tactfully asks Parliament to pass: Act of Supremacy again Act of Uniformity: Church of England becomes a uniform church for moderate Catholics and Protestants alike and to be called the Anglican Church

The Stuart dynasty (Scotland) follows Tudor rule in England, causing a “Century of Revolution” James I as 1 st Stuart king claiming divine right power collects taxes on his own, angering Parliament rejects calls for change by Puritans in their Anglican Church authorizes new English translation of Bible (1611) called the King James Version

establishes 1 st N. American settlement, Jamestown, in colony of Virginia (1607)

King Charles I follows Stuart father, James I Parliament forces king sign the Petition of Right: king cannot raise taxes without consent of Parliament cannot imprison anyone without due process of law Scotland threatens to invade England, forcing the king to ask Parliament for money to raise an army

the Long Parliament refuses the king’s demands the English Civil War breaks out (1642 –1649) supporters of King Charles I, called Cavaliers (Royalists or Loyalists), fight against the Roundheads who support Parliament and are led by Oliver Cromwell and his soldiers collectively called the New Model Army

Parliament’s Roundheads defeat the king’s Cavaliers King Charles I is publicly executed for treason a Cavalier a Roundhead King Charles I, but not for long

a Commonwealth is established as an English republic led by Cromwell threats faced by new republic Loyalists attack England from Scotland & Ireland Levellers demand that poor have voice in their government & in Parliament

Cromwell is forced to take absolute control in 1653 and calls himself “Lord Protector,” leading the “Protectorate” he & Puritans impose a “Rule of Saints” many strict “Puritanical” measures are enacted religious toleration emerges for other Protestant groups; even Jews are welcomed back to England, but… Catholics are not yet allowed to openly worship in England

When Cromwell dies, the Stuart dynasty is restored with the “Merry Monarch,” brought back to England from exile in France