PLANTS 1.Uses 2.Classification 3.Parts

Part 1- Plants as Food 1.A bout 10,000 used for food 2.C ultivation began 11,000 yrs. Ago in the Fertile Cresent 3.W heat, barley, lentils, & peas were first 4.O lives, dates, and grapes soon followed

Cereals 1.G ramineae family (grass family) 2.R ich in carbohydrates 3.E x.- Rice, wheat, corn, oats, sorghum, rye, millet

Legumes MMMMembers of the pea family PPPProtein rich seeds in pods EEEEx.- peas peanuts soybeans FFFForm symbiotic relationships with bacteria

Root Crops NNNNutrients stored in the roots of underground stems EEEExcellent source of carbs, vitamins, and minerals EEEExample: Carrots, Potatoes

Fruits  Def- modified flower part enclosing a seed  Types  1. Berries  2. Pomes  3. Nuts  4. Grains

Other facts about plants related to food  Famine- long widespread shortages of food (supply does not meet demand)  Agroforestry- planting crops along side of trees to prevent erosion and shield crops  Mixed Cropping- planting 2 or more crops in the same field.

Plants as Medicine Plants as Medicine DDDDrug Treats Source 1.D igitalis heart dis. foxglove 2.S alicylic acid pain willow bark 3.Q uinine malaria cinchona bark 4.M orphine pain opium poppy 5.C odeine pain opium poppy

Plants as Fibers 1.C otton 2.L inen 3.P apyrus reed 4.L inseed oil 5.C ellophane and Rayon

Part 2- Classification 1.Carolus Linnaeus

Two Categories VVVVascular NNNNon-vascular

Non-vascular plants  No vascular tissue  No plant organs  App. 23,000 species of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts  Known as the Bryophytes

Vascular Plants HHHHave water conducting tissue HHHHave plant organs FFFFurther divided

Seed plants vs. Non-seed plants  Seed plants = evergreens  Non-seed plants = ferns

Seed plants (divided into) Gymnosperms nnnnon flowering EEEEx. Cycads, ginkos, conifers and gnetophytes Angiosperms  Flowering plants  Ex. endless

Monocotyledonae (monocot) or dicotyledonae (dicot) Monocot SSSSingle cotyledon PPPParallel veins 3333 part flower symmetry EEEEx. Lilies, irises. Orchids, corn etc.. OOOOver 90,000 species Dicots TTTTwo cotyledons NNNNet venation 4444 or 5 part flower symmetry EEEEx. Beans, lettuce, oaks, maples

Classification Chart Plants Vascular Seed Gymnosperm Angiosperm Monocot Dicot Non-seed Non-vascular

Extra Terms  Cotyledon- seed leaf  Monocot- one seed leaf  Dicot- two seed leaves  Seed- structure containing the embryo

Extra Terms Cont.  Xylem- transports water and minerals up to the leaves  Phloem- transports sugar (Down) from the leaves to all parts of the plant

Part 3

Tissues 1.P arenchyma 2.C ollenchyma 3.S clerenchyma PPPPage

Systems 1.V ascular System 2.D ermal System 3.G round Tissue System

Organs 1. Roots 2. Stems 3. Leaves

Leaf Basics 1.D ef- thin, flat organs used to capture sunlight and carry out photosynthesis 2. M odifications TTTTendrils SSSSpines of Cactuses LLLLeaves of insectivorous plants -ex. Venus flytrap

Leaf Structure/Parts 1.B lade -This part enables transpiration to occur 2.P etiole

Types of Leaves 1.S imple Leaves 2.C ompound Leaves

Extra Terms dealing with leaves 1.T ranspiration 2.V enation 3.S toma 4.G uard cells 5.T urgor pressure