Blood Vessels & Circulation

Recap Learned the structure and function of the heart. Visualized movement of blood through arteries, veins, and capillaries.

Components of Blood Plasma Portion (50-60% total volume) -Water ~90% -Plasma proteins (albumin, globulins, fibrinogen, etc.) -Ions, sugars, lipids, amino acids, hormones, vitamins, dissolved gases Cellular Portion (40-50% total volume) -Red blood cells -White blood cells -Platelets

Blood Typing Which blood type is universal donor? Which blood type is universal recipient? Rh factor (+/-)

Blood vessels…… Arteries, veins, and capillaries Changes in structure. Pressure and resistance. Calculating blood pressure.

Layers of arteries and veins: -tunica interna: innermost layer of blood vessel, endothelial lining and connective tissue -tunica media: middle layer, contains smooth muscle within collagen and elastic fibers -tunica externa: connective tissue around vessel, stabilizes and anchors the vessel

Capillaries…. -The ONLY blood vessels that permit exchange between blood and interstitial fluid. -Thin walls, small diffusion distances. Goal is to maintain adequate blood flow through capillaries in all tissues of the body.

Pressure – If a pressure difference exists, liquid flows from higher pressure to lower pressure. The greater the difference in pressure, the faster the flow. Arterial pressure – commonly referred to as blood pressure.

Resistance – Any force that opposes movement. For blood to flow, circulatory pressure must be great enough to overcome resistance of cardiovascular system. Vascular Resistance Viscosity Turbulence

Ventricular Systole – Forceful contraction of the left ventricle of the heart. Ventricular Diastole – Relaxation of the ventricle by closure of the aortic valve and recoil of arteries. Therefore, systolic pressure is the peak blood pressure measured during ventricular systole, and diastolic pressure is the minimum blood pressure at the end of ventricular diastole.

Pulse pressure – difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures. Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) – measure of the adequacy of blood flow through tissues. Average pressure in arteries during one cardiac cycle. (systole + 2(diastole)) = MAP 3 Cardiac Output – amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each beat, multiplied by BPM.

Now it’s your turn. Blood Pressure Monitors

Work with a partner to determine: -Follow the directions in the blood pressure sensors and take each of your blood pressures. -Record systole vs. diastole. -Record pulse using the stethoscope. -Complete cardiovascular exercise activity. -Record values again.

Baseline Blood Pressure Systolic Pressure (mm Hg) Diastolic Pressure (mm Hg) Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) (mm Hg) Pulse Rate (bpm) Blood Pressure After Exercise Systolic Pressure (mm Hg) Diastolic Pressure (mm Hg) Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) (mm Hg) Pulse Rate (bpm)