Cardiovascular System Transports: Transports: Nutrients Nutrients Food monomers- needed for cellular respiration Food monomers- needed for cellular respiration Hormones Hormones Oxygen- needed for cellular respiration Oxygen- needed for cellular respiration Removes Removes Carbon Dioxide- byproduct of cellular respiration Carbon Dioxide- byproduct of cellular respiration Metabolic Wastes Metabolic Wastes Regulates Heat Regulates Heat

Blood Plasma Plasma Water Water Nutrients and Wastes Nutrients and Wastes Salts (Ions) Salts (Ions) Proteins Proteins Blood Cells Blood Cells Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes) - carry oxygen Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes) - carry oxygen Hemeglobin- protein that binds oxygen Hemeglobin- protein that binds oxygen White Blood Cells (leukocytes) – defends against infection White Blood Cells (leukocytes) – defends against infection Platelets- acts in the clotting of blood Platelets- acts in the clotting of blood

Blood is Red. Always. Oxygenated BloodDeoxygenated Blood

Blood Vessels Arteries- are vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart Arteries- are vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart Receive greater pressure from the pumping heart. Receive greater pressure from the pumping heart. Thicker than veins Thicker than veins Veins-are vessels that carry deoxygenated blood to the heart Veins-are vessels that carry deoxygenated blood to the heart Valves- flaps of tissue to prevent backward flow of blood Valves- flaps of tissue to prevent backward flow of blood Capillaries are small vessels that connect arteries and veins as blood is diffused to cells. Capillaries are small vessels that connect arteries and veins as blood is diffused to cells.

Heart Muscular pump for blood to circulate. Muscular pump for blood to circulate. 4 Chambered heart (mammals and birds) 4 Chambered heart (mammals and birds) 2 atria- chambers that receive blood 2 atria- chambers that receive blood 2 ventricles- chambers that pump blood away 2 ventricles- chambers that pump blood away Deoxygenated blood returned to the right side, oxygenated pumped from the left side. Deoxygenated blood returned to the right side, oxygenated pumped from the left side. Sinoatrial node (pacemaker) located by the RA delivers electrical charge for heart to beat (72 bpm avg.) Sinoatrial node (pacemaker) located by the RA delivers electrical charge for heart to beat (72 bpm avg.)

Blood Pressure Blood Pressure is the force exerted by blood moving through blood vessels. Blood Pressure is the force exerted by blood moving through blood vessels. Systolic- pressure exerted on the arteries when the heart pumps (ventricle contract) Systolic- pressure exerted on the arteries when the heart pumps (ventricle contract) Diastolic- pressure exerted when heart relaxes (atrial filling) Diastolic- pressure exerted when heart relaxes (atrial filling) Systolic/diastolic. Normal less than 120/80 Systolic/diastolic. Normal less than 120/80 Hypertension- high blood pressure makes the heart work harder which can damage heart muscles and blood vessels. Can lead to atherosclerosis- hardening of the arteries or stroke. Hypertension- high blood pressure makes the heart work harder which can damage heart muscles and blood vessels. Can lead to atherosclerosis- hardening of the arteries or stroke.