 Transports materials to each cell ◦ Nutrients, water, oxygen, hormones  Removes waste such as carbon dioxide  Distributes heat to maintain homeostasis  Made up of three main components ◦ heart ◦ blood vessels ◦ blood

 Beats about 3 billion times in a lifetime  It is a muscle about the size of your fist  Every minute it pumps out the entire volume of blood (5 liters)  Diseases of the heart are the leading cause of death in the U.S.  Works on electrical impulses

 Blood flows through the heart and is controlled by four valves ◦ Tricuspid- regulates blood between right atria and right ventricle ◦ Pulmonary- reg. blood between right ventricle and pulmonary arteries going to lungs ◦ Mitral (bicuspid)- allows oxygen rich blood from lungs through left atrium to enter the left ventricle ◦ Aortic-oxygen rich blood leaves left ventricle to transport materials to the body

 The left side of the heart pumps oxygen rich blood to the body  The right side of the heart pumps oxygen poor blood to the lungs

 The pulse is the rhythmic stretching of the blood vessels leading away from the heart  Controlled by sinoatrial node (pacemaker)  Two part pumping action ◦ Diastole  Atria contract and push blood into ventricles  Through tricuspid and mitral valve ◦ Systole  Ventricles contract and push blood out of heart  Through pulmonary and aortic valve  Takes about one second to occur

 Pressure exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels  Systolic- peak pressure in the arteries occurs when the ventricles are contracting  Diastolic- minimum pressure in the arteries occurs just prior to ventricles contracting  BP is equal to the systolic/diastolic and is measured with a sphygmomanometer

 Transport the blood throughout the body  There are 60,000 miles (96,500 km) of vessels in the human body  There are three general types: ◦ Arteries ◦ Veins ◦ Capillaries

 Carry blood away from the heart  The aorta is the largest and leaves the left ventrical to carry oxygenated blood to the body  The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs  Systemic arteries deliver oxygen to the arterioles and then the capillaries

 Blood vessels that carry blood back toward the heart  Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart  Vena cavas send deoxygenated blood from body to the right atrium  Venules small vessels leaving capillaries and leading to veins  One way valves help keep blood from flowing backwards  Fault valves are believed to cause varicose veins

 Small vessels that connect arterioles to venules  Where gas exchange occurs between cells and circulatory system  Walls of capillaries are one cell thick  Very branched

 Made up of liquids, solids and gases like CO 2 and O 2  An adult body contains about 5 quarts  3 types of blood cells ◦ Red, White and Platelets  Plasma is the liquid part of blood ◦ 50% of blood volume ◦ Made in the liver

 Also called erythrocytes  Biconcave shape  Contain hemoglobin ◦ Protein that binds to oxygen ◦ Turns red with oxygen  No nuclei  4 month life span  produced in the bone marrow  25 trillion, replace about 3 million per second

 Also called leukocytes  Part of the immune system  Attack foreign cells and materials  Contain nuclei  Made in the bone marrow  3-21 day life span  4 different types  High numbers usually indicate disease

 Called thrombocytes  Bits of cytoplasm pinched off from cells  Form clots to help repair damaged vessels ◦ Cluster at vessel tear ◦ Release chemicals that form long protein chains called fibrin ◦ Harden into clot

 Determined by the presence or absence of markers on RBCs  4 types: A, B, AB and O  Result from the presence of A or B antigens ◦ A blood type: A antigens ◦ B blood type: B antigens ◦ AB blood type: A and B antigens ◦ O blood type: no antigens

 Antibodies are produced to protect against the antigens you do not have ◦ A blood type: B antibodies ◦ B blood type: A antibodies ◦ AB blood type: no antibodies ◦ O blood type: A and B antibodies  AB blood types are universal recipients since they have no antibodies  O blood type are the universal donor because the have no antigens for the other blood types to attack

 Another antigen found on RBCs ◦ Rh+ have the antigen ◦ Rh – do not have the antigen  If an Rh- mother has an Rh+ baby, she will produce Rh antibodies.  If she has second Rh+ baby, her antibodies will attack her babies blood  Therefore the first child will be okay, but any addition babies with Rh + blood will die  Mothers are placed on medication that will suppress her antibody response

 Works with the Cardiovascular system to collect fluids that leak out of capillaries  Composed of three parts ◦ Network of vessels ◦ Lymph nodes- ◦ Lymph tissue  A key element of the immune system  Runs along the vessels of the Circulatory System.

 filter blood and contain B, T and immune cells that fight foreign substances  Located throughout the body ◦ Arm pits ◦ Throat ◦ Groin ◦ Chest and abdomen  become swollen when there is an infection in the body  Can be biopsied for cancer

 High blood pressure makes the heart work harder ◦ May dislodge blood clots ◦ may lead to stroke, kidney failure, blindness or heart attack  Arteries become less elastic as they age  Plaque builds up and narrows opening ◦ Can result from fats and cholesterol  Smoking and stress  All of these factors increase blood pressure

 Occurs when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is greatly reduced or stopped  Part of the heart muscle may die  If enough of the heart tissue dies, it could be fatal  Medications and surgeries can be performed to remove or bypass the clot  A stroke results when a vessel leading to the brain becomes blocked or bursts ◦ Deprives brain of oxygen and may affect speech, memory or motor function

 A procedure done in order to widen a coronary artery  Catheter is inserted into the femoral artery and a balloon at the end expands

 Eat Healthy ◦ Plenty of vegetables ◦ Foods low in fat and cholesterol  Don’t smoke  Don’t drink excessively  Exercise regularly  Get your blood pressure and Cholesterol checked regularly