Life Science: Tissues of the Body and Body Systems

Tying it all Together

BODY TISSUES * Tissue : Group of cells with similar structure & function *Four primary types  Muscle tissue  Nervous tissue  Connective tissue  Epithelium

4 Main Types of Body Tissues: 1. Muscle:1. Muscle: – composed of cells that can contract and relax to produce movement 2. Nervous:2. Nervous: –ends signals throughout the body 3. Epithelial:3. Epithelial: –(skin) covers and protects underlying tissue. 4. Connective:4. Connective: – (blood, collagen) joins, supports, protects, nourishes, and cushions organs

Contracts, or shortens, making body parts MOVE – ONLY body tissue that can contract MUST have energy – produced by Mitochondria Made of LOOOOONG, parallel fibers What gives the muscle fibers messages to move? – _________ & _________

Movement Maintains posture Produces heat Facial expressions Pumps blood

Muscle Tissue Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Main Function  to produce MOVEMENT!!  Three types  1. Skeletal muscle  2. Smooth muscle  3. Cardiac muscle

Slide SKELETAL MUSCLE Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  called “Striated” due to its “striped” look  VOLUNTARY  YOU tell it what to do  Tires Easily  Requires constant energy  From Mitochondria Figure 3.19b

Slide SMOOTH MUSCLE Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  INVOLUNTARY  Does NOT tire easily  Lines inside of many INTERNAL organs  NO visible striations Figure 3.19a

3. CARDIAC MUSCLE  ONLY in the HEART  Function  to pump blood  Does NOT tire easily Characteristics of Both Skeletal & Smooth: – Striated like skeletal muscle – Involuntary like smooth muscle Figure 3.19c

Skeletal Muscle Skeletal Muscle – Muscle attached to bones Smooth Muscle Smooth Muscle – muscle of stomach, blood vessels, & internal organs Cardiac Muscle Cardiac Muscle – Muscle of the heart

Nervous Tissue Carries messages back and forth between the brain and ALL body parts Main components of the nervous system – brain – spinal cord – Nerves.

Nerve Cells Cell body  Cell body  – Main Structure Dendrites  Dendrites  – branched “arms” – pick up incoming chemical information Axons  Axons  – sends out chemical information

Nerve Cells

Epithelial Tissues Epithelial Tissues ALWAYS faces a free surface ALWAYS faces a free surface – Examples: Skin; lining of mouth No blood supply Regenerate easily Where is it? – Body & Organ Covering Skin – Body Lining: cavities, tubes, ducts blood vessels

Epithelial Tissues: Epithelial Tissues: Functions: –Protection from injury & bacteria –Prevents loss of water –Protection from the Environment outside the body –Regulates Body Temperature –Eliminates Waste –Gathers Information about the Environment –Produces Vitamin D (Sunlight/UV Rays)

Classification of Epithelial Tissue  Number of cell layers  Simple – one laye  Stratified – more than one layer  Shape of cells  Squamous – flattened  Cuboidal – cube-shaped  Columnar – column-like

Connective Tissue Most abundant tissue Connective Tissue Functions: – Connects and supports the body Tendons, ligaments, bone, etc. – Protects & cushions organs and tissues – Insulates (fat) – Transports substances (blood).

Slide 3.56 Connective Tissue Types Connective Tissue Types Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  1. Bone  Supports & protects  Strong, hard  RED BLOOD cell production  made in bone marrow (center of bone)  Tree ring-like appearance

Connective Tissue Types 2. Cartilage – More Flexible than Bone – Gives Support: Nose Ears End of Joints – Some, NOT all, will become bone.

Connective Tissue Types 3. Ligaments  attach bone to bone  4. Tendon  attach bone to muscle

Connective Tissue Types 5. Fat  Functions:  Insulates the body  Protects some organs  Stores energy  Honeycomb or chicken wire appearance

Connective Tissue Types  6. Blood:  Liquid  Carries substances through the body

Organization of Life

If two or more organs work together to perform a specific job in the body then they form an organ system. If two or more organs work together to perform a specific job in the body then they form an organ system. – Ex. Digestive system, Circulatory System, Respiratory System. (What does each of these systems do in your body?)

Organization of Life An organism is anything that can live on its own. An organism is anything that can live on its own. – Unicellular: A single cell living on its own. Ex: ameba, paramecium Ex: ameba, paramecium – Multicellular: Multiple cells that rely on each other for survival. Most of the cells in a multicellular organism cannot live outside the body. Ex. Us Ex. Us

Tying it all Together

Muscular System Function: -Allows movement Main Parts: -Smooth -Cardiac -Skeletal

Circulatory System Function: - Carries food, water and waste materials to & from various parts of the body. Main Parts: -Heart -Blood -Veins -Arteries

Skeletal System Function: -Supports the body and keeps it in shape. Main Parts: -Bones -Tendons -Ligaments -Cartilage

Digestive System Function: Breaks down food into simpler substances for the body to absorb. Main Parts: -Mouth -Esophagus -Stomach -Large & Small Intestine -Rectum

Respiratory System Function: -Breathing- *takes in oxygen needed by the body *Removes Carbon Dioxide from body. Main Parts: -Nose -Mouth -Trachea -Lungs