What is physics? Physics is the study of matter and energy. Since matter and energy are the two things that the entire universe is made of, physics is really the foundation of all the sciences. Physics (from Ancient Greek: φυσική (ἐπιστήμη) phusikḗ (epistḗmē) "knowledge of nature", from φύσις phúsis "nature”) is the natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through space and time, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how theuniverse behaves.Ancient Greek”natural sciencemattermotionspace and timeenergyforcenatureuniverse Physics is the study of matter and energy. Since matter and energy are the two things that the entire universe is made of, physics is really the foundation of all the sciences. Physics (from Ancient Greek: φυσική (ἐπιστήμη) phusikḗ (epistḗmē) "knowledge of nature", from φύσις phúsis "nature”) is the natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through space and time, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how theuniverse behaves.Ancient Greek”natural sciencemattermotionspace and timeenergyforcenatureuniverse

Mechanics Overview

Mechanics topics include:

Kinematics

Dynamics

Mechanics and motion Motion is one of the key topics in physics. Everything in the universe moves. It might only be a small amount of movement and very slow, but movement does happen. Motion is one part of what physicists call mechanics. Over the years, scientists have discovered several rules or laws, that explain motion and the courses of changes in motion. There are also special laws when you reach the speed of light or when physicists look at very small things like atmos.

Forces of Nature Forces are a big part of physics. Physicists devate a lot of time to the study of forges that are round every where in the univerce. The forces could be big, such as the pull of a star on a planet. The forces could also be very small, such as the pull, of are nuclues on an electron. Forces are acting every where in the universal at all times.

Isaac Newton Isaac Newton PRS MP (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/7 ) was an English physicist and mathematician(desc ribed in his own day as a "natural philosopher") who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in the scientific revolution. His book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica ("Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy"), first published in 1687, laid the foundations for classical mechanics. Newton made seminal contributions to optics, and he shares credit with Gottfried Leibniz for the development of calculus.PRSMP1726/7physicistmathematiciannatural philosopherscientific revolutionPhilosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematicaclassical mechanicsopticsGottfried Leibnizcalculus

Newton's Principia formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation, which dominated scientists' view of the physical universe for the next three centuries. By deriving Kepler's laws of planetary motion from his mathematical description of gravity, and then using the same principles to account for the trajectories of comets, the tides, the precession of the equinoxes, and other phenomena, Newton removed the last doubts about the validity of the heliocentric model of the Solar System. This work also demonstrated that the motion of objects on Earth and of celestial bodies could be described by the same principles. His prediction that Earth should be shaped as an oblate spheroid was later vindicated by the measurements of Maupertuis, La Condamine, and others, which helped convince most Continental European scientists of the superiority of Newtonian mechanics over the earlier system of Descartes.laws of motionuniversal gravitationKepler's laws of planetary motioncometstidesprecession of the equinoxesheliocentricmotion of objectscelestialoblate spheroidMaupertuisLa CondamineContinental EuropeanDescartes

Newton's Three Laws of Motion Newton's First Law of Motion: I. Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an external force is applied to it. This we recognize as essentially Galileo's concept of inertia, and this is often termed simply the "Law of Inertia".

Newton's Second Law of Motion: II. The relationship between an object's mass m, its acceleration a, and the applied force F is F = ma. Acceleration and force are vectors (as indicated by their symbols being displayed in slant bold font); in this law the direction of the force vector is the same as the direction of the acceleration vector.

Newton's Third Law of Motion: III. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. F 1.2 =-F 2.1 This law is exemplified by what happens if we step off a boat onto the bank of a lake: as we move in the direction of the shore, the boat tends to move in the opposite direction (leaving us facedown in the water, if we aren't careful!).

Newton's law of universal gravitation Newton's law of universal gravitation states that any two bodies in the universe attract each other with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This is a general physical law derived from empirical observations by what Isaac Newton called induction. [2] It is a part of classical mechanics and was formulated in Newton's work Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica ("the Principia"), first published on 5 July (When Newton's book was presented in 1686 to the Royal Society, Robert Hooke made a claim that Newton had obtained the inverse square law from him; see the History section below.)forcedirectly proportional physical lawempirical observationsIsaac Newton induction [2]classical mechanics Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia MathematicaRoyal SocietyRobert HookeHistory

Every point mass attracts every single other point mass by a force pointing along the line intersecting both points. The force is proportional to the product of the two masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them: where:pointmassforcelineproportionalproductinversely proportionalsquare F is the force between the masses; G is the gravitational constant (6.673×10 −11 N · (m/kg) 2 );gravitational constant m 1 is the first mass; m 2 is the second mass; r is the distance between the centers of the masses.

E N E R G Y

KINETIC ENERGY In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the energy that it possesses due to its motion. It is defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its stated velocity. Having gained this energy during its acceleration, the body maintains this kinetic energy unless its speed changes. The same amount of work is done by the body in decelerating from its current speed to a state of rest.physicsenergymotionworkvelocityacceleration

POTENTIAL ENERGY In physics, potential energy is the energy that an object has due to its position in a force field or that a system has due to the configuration of its parts. Common types include the gravitational potential energy of an object that depends on its vertical position and mass, the elastic potential energy of an extended spring, and the electric potential energy of a charge in an electric field. The SI unit for energy is the joule (symbol J).energyforce fieldgravitationalmasselastic potential energyelectric potential energychargeelectric fieldSI unitjoule