EKG Plain Simple Plain and Simple CHAPTER Third Edition Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Coronary Anatomy and Physiology 1

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Media Directory Slide 9 Virtual Tour of the Heart Animation Slide 10 Chambers of the Heart Animation Slide 18 Atrial Contraction Animation Slide 22 Ventricular Contraction Animation Slide 23 Cardiac Cycle Animation Slide 30 Nervous System Influence Animation Slide 31 Blood Pressure Animation

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis The Heart Muscular organ the size of a man’s closed fist Functions to pump enough blood to meet the body’s metabolic needs Located in the thoracic cavity in the mediastinum, above the diaphragm, behind the sternum, in front of the spine Top of the heart is the base, bottom is the apex

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Figure 1-1 Heart’s location in thoracic cavity.

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Layers of the Heart Epicardium: Outermost layer, contains coronary arteries Myocardium: Middle, thickest layer, made of muscle Endocardium: Thin, innermost layer, forms the heart valves

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. EllisPericardium Double-walled sac that encloses the heart. Serves as support and protection Pericardial fluid is found between the layers of the pericardium — it minimizes friction of the layers as they rub together with each heartbeat

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Heart Chambers Right atrium: Receives deoxygenated blood from the body, delivers blood to right ventricle Right ventricle: Pumps blood to the lungs Left atrium: Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, delivers blood to the left ventricle Left ventricle: Pumps blood throughout the body

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Figure 1-2 The Heart: Its Chambers, Layers, and Blood Flow

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Virtual Tour of the Heart Animation Click on the screenshot to view an animation showing a virtual tour of the heart. Click again to pause the animation. Back to Directory

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Chambers of the Heart Animation Click on the screenshot to view an animation showing the chambers of the heart. Click again to pause the animation. Back to Directory

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Heart Valves Valves open/close based on changes in pressure Semilunar valves –Pulmonic valve: Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery –Aortic valve: Between left ventricle and aorta

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Heart Valves AV valves –Tricuspid valve: Between right atrium and ventricle –Mitral valve: Between left atrium and ventricle

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Great Vessels Superior vena cava: Vein that returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium from upper body Inferior vena cava: Vein that returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium from lower body

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Great Vessels Pulmonary artery: Sends deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs Pulmonary veins: Four veins take oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium Aorta: Artery that sends oxygenated blood throughout the body

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Blood Flow Through the Heart Superior or inferior vena cava  right atrium  tricuspid valve  right ventricle  pulmonic valve  pulmonary artery  lungs  pulmonary veins  left atrium  mitral valve  left ventricle  aortic valve  aorta  body

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis The Cardiac Cycle Diastole –Rapid filling phase: AV valves pop open because of pressure gradient; ventricles fill rapidly –Diastasis: Flow into ventricles slows as pressures equalize –Atrial kick: Atria contract, squeezing remainder of blood into ventricles

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Figure 1-3 Phases of Diastole

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Atrial Contraction Animation Click on the screenshot to view an animation showing an atrial contraction. Click again to pause the animation. Back to Directory

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis The Cardiac Cycle Systole –Isovolumetric contraction: Ventricles contract but no blood is flowing –Ventricular ejection: Valves open, blood pours out of ventricles –Protodiastole: Blood flow slows as pressures equalize

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis The Cardiac Cycle Systole –Isovolumetric relaxation: Ventricles relax, valves close

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Figure 1-4 Phases of Systole

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Ventricular Contraction Animation Click on the screenshot to view an animation showing a ventricular contraction. Click again to pause the animation. Back to Directory

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Cardiac Cycle Animation Click on the screenshot to view an animation showing the cardiac cycle. Click again to pause the animation. Back to Directory

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Blood Flow Through Systemic Circulation Aorta  arteries  arterioles  capillaries  venules  veins  vena cava  right atrium

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Figure 1-5 Systemic Circulation

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Coronary Arteries Left anterior descending Circumflex Right coronary artery

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Figure 1-6 Coronary Arteries

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Heart Cells Contractile cells: Cause the heart to contract Conduction system cells: Create and conduct impulses to regulate the cardiac cycle

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Nervous Control of the Heart Autonomic nervous system (ANS): Controls involuntary bodily functions. Has two subdivisions –Sympathetic nervous system: Fight or flight. Hits the accelerator –Parasympathetic nervous system: Rest and digest. Puts on the brakes

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Nervous System Influence Animation Click on the screenshot to view an animation showing the nervous system influence. Click again to pause the animation. Back to Directory

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Blood Pressure Animation Click on the screenshot to view an animation showing blood pressure. Click again to pause the animation. Back to Directory

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Classroom Response System

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Pop Question 1 Which of the following is NOT a layer of the heart? A.Right atrium B.Endocardium C.Myocardium D.Epicardium

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Pop Question 1 Answer Which of the following is NOT a layer of the heart? A.Right atrium B.Endocardium C.Myocardium D.Epicardium

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Pop Question 2 Which chamber has the thickest muscle bulk because of its heavy workload? A.Right atrium B.Left atrium C.Right ventricle D.Left ventricle

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Pop Question 2 Answer Which chamber has the thickest muscle bulk because of its heavy workload? A.Right atrium B.Left atrium C.Right ventricle D.Left ventricle

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Pop Question 3 The heart valve between the right atrium and right ventricle is the A.Mitral valve B.Aortic valve C.Pulmonic valve D.Tricuspid valve

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Pop Question 3 Answer The heart valve between the right atrium and right ventricle is the A.Mitral valve B.Aortic valve C.Pulmonic valve D.Tricuspid valve

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Pop Question 4 Which of the following is a phase of diastole? A.Protodiastole B.Atrial Kick C.Isovolumetric contraction D.Ventricular Ejection

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Pop Question 4 Answer Which of the following is a phase of diastole? A.Protodiastole B.Atrial Kick C.Isovolumetric contraction D.Ventricular Ejection

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Pop Question 5 Rapid heart rate, increased blood pressure, dilated pupils, and slowed digestion all are evidence of which part of the autonomic nervous system at work? A.Sympathetic B.Parasympathetic

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. EKG Plain and Simple, Third Edition Karen M. Ellis Pop Question 5 Answer Rapid heart rate, increased blood pressure, dilated pupils, and slowed digestion all are evidence of which part of the autonomic nervous system at work? A.Sympathetic B.Parasympathetic