VOCABULARY CHAPTER 7 LESSONS 1 AND 2

MERCHANTS Middle class people that buy and sell goods

OVERSEER A person who managed the workers on a large plantation

YEOMAN FARMER Independent farmer who owned a small amount of land and worked it himself

CHARLESTON Large port city that allowed colonist to trade with other countries

ARTISANS Skilled workers

MAP SCALE Short measurement tool that allows a person using a map to measure very long distances

ELI WHITNEY Invented the cotton gin

COTTON GIN A machine that cleans cotton bolls of their seeds

ABOLITIONISTS People who worked to abolish or end slavery

SARA AND ANGELINA GRIMKE Sisters from Charleston who spoke out against slavery

UNDERGROUND RAILROAD Secret routes enslaved people used to escape to the North and Canada

JOHN C. CALHOUN Supported states’ rights

STATES’ RIGHTS Each state has the right to make its own decisions about slavery and about other matters.

COMPROMISE OF 1850 Passed by Congress to settle the issues of states’ rights and slavery

COMPROMISE Occurs when each side gives up some of their demands to settle an argument

FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW Stated that the North would have to return enslaved people to the South

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