Prevention and Treatment Ms. Edmonson

Objectives Identify management practices to prevent disease. Identify various treatment methods.

Management Practices Sanitation Housing Handling Manure Controlling pests Isolation Pasture rotation

Practical Veterinary Skills All owners of animals should have a few basic veterinary skills. Vaccinations Cut repair Basic surgical skills

Vaccinations Vaccination – injection of a modified disease organism into an animal to prevent disease Prevention of a disease is nearly always less expensive than treating animals once they have become infected by a disease.

Administering Drugs Several factors to consider when administering drug –Amount –Type of drug –Purpose of drug –Administration site –Animal to be treated by drug –Withdrawal time

Administering Drugs Methods of drug administration –Pills –Powders –Paste –Liquids –Infusion –Dipping

Injections Intravenous – in a vein Intramuscular – in the muscle Subcutaneous – under the skin Intradermal – between layers of skin Intraruminal – in the rumen Intraperitoneal – in the abdominal cavity

Reading Drug Labels Labels and Tags have lots of critical information on them. Expiration date Lot number Dosage Special warnings/cautions Application method Active ingredient Trade name

Types of drugs Prescription –Must have a prescription from a veterinarian Over-the-counter –Can be bought without a prescription Products intended for human use –May not be safe for animals –May leave residues making meat unsafe

Types of Drug Usage Labeled –Using it exactly as the label says –Legal and should be most common use Off-label –Using drugs in a way not specified on label without guidance of a veterinarian –Illegal use Extra-label –Veterinarian has prescribed the use of a drug in a way not specified on the label –Legal

Withdrawal Times Time required after the last drug treatment to lower drug residues to acceptable levels. These times are established using healthy animals according to label directions. An amount of time required following use of a medication in an animal before milk or meat can be entered into the human food supply. Ensures residues are maintained at levels approved by the USDA.

Other Practices Taking temperatures Determining pulse and respiration rates Restraining animals Feed additives

Review Identify management practices to prevent disease. Identify various treatment methods.