CHAPTER 13: SECTION 1 THE NORTH’S ECONOMY

TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRY  The industrialization of the North developed in three phases:  1) Manufacturers made products by dividing the tasks involved among the workers  2) Manufacturers built factories to bring specialized workers together  3) Factory workers used machinery to perform some for their work Elias Howe  Mass production of cotton textiles began in New England after Elias Howe invented the sewing machine  Other types of industries developed during the same period and at least 2/3 of the country’s manufactured goods were produced in the North

IMPROVED TRANSPORTATION  Robert Fulton demonstrated a reliable steamboat in 1807 which carried goods and passengers more cheaply and quickly along inland waterways  Steamboats spurred the growth of big cities such as Cincinnati, Buffalo, and Chicago  Sailing ships were also improved clipper ships  The clipper ships- with sleek hulls and tall sails- were the pride of the open seas  Could sail as fast as most steamboats of the day  The growth of the railroads in the 1840s and 1850s helped to speed the flow of goods  Peter Cooper designed and built the first American steam locomotive and called it the Tom Thumb  In a race against a horse-drawn train in Baltimore, the Tom Thumb’s engine failed 

MOVING GOODS AND PEOPLE  In 1840 the U.S. had almost 3,000 miles of railroad track  One railway linked New York City and Buffalo and another connected Philadelphia and Pittsburgh  Railway builders connected these eastern lines to lines being built farther west in Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois  Railroads played an important role in the settlement and industrialization of the Midwest  As the populations of these states grew, new towns and industries developed Erie Canal  The changes began with the opening of the Erie Canal in 1825 and the first railroads of the 1830s  The development of the east-west canal and the rail network allowed grain livestock, and dairy products to move directly from the Midwest to the East

FASTER COMMUNICATION telegraph-  The telegraph- an apparatus that used electric signals to transmit messages- filled the need for faster methods of communication  Samuel Morse  Samuel Morse, an American inventor, demonstrated that he could send messages instantly along wires Morse code  Transmitted messages in Morse code, a series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet  Skilled Morse code operator could rapidly tap out words in the dot-and-dash alphabet  Americans adopted the telegraph eagerly and foreigners marveled at the speed with which Americans formed telegraph companies and erected telegraph lines

AGRICULTURE  Three revolutionary inventions changed farming methods and encouraged settlers to cultivate larger areas of the West  1) Steel-tipped plow invented by John Deere  Easily cut through the hard-packed sod of the prairies  2) Mechanical reaper invented by Cyrus McCormick  Sped up the harvesting of wheat  Ensured that raising wheat would remain the main economic activity in the Midwestern prairies  3) The thresher  Quickly separated the grain from the stalk

CLASSWORK! Please complete #2-6 in your notebooks using complete sentences. Due tomorrow!