Twenty Questions Enlightenment and Revolution Chapter 6

Twenty Questions

1. What theory of the universe was proposed by Copernicus? Heliocentric/sun-centered

2. Which philosopher believed that all people are born free and equal, with the rights of life, liberty and property? John Locke

3. Whose scientific findings and support of Copernicus’s sun-center universe theory led to house arrest because the Church did not agree with his ideas? Galileo Galilei

4. Who believed humans are selfish and wicked so strong governments were needed? He believed the best form of government was an absolute monarchy. Thomas Hobbes

5. Which French philosophe believed the best form of government to be a direct democracy? Jean Jacques Rousseau

6. Who explained the Law of Universal Gravitation (Gravity)? Isaac Newton

7. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? Thomas Jefferson

8. What were social gatherings where Enlightenment ideas were discussed called? salons

9. Who were considered to be the Enlightenment despots (rulers) and what countries did they control? (Hint: there are 3) Joseph II of Austria – Reforms: freedom of the press and religion, legal reforms, ended serfdom Catherine the Great of Russia – Increased empire of Russia Frederick the Great of Prussia – Reforms: religious tolerance, improved education, decreased censorship

10. What was the 1 st national government of the 13 individual states after they gained independence called? What current branch of our federal government was first created by the Articles of Confederation? Article of Confederation Congress

11. Denis Diderot edited and published what important publication that spread Enlightenment ideas… Encyclopedia

12. During the Enlightenment what group of French people believed progress and improvement were possible in all parts of society? philosophes

13. What process did Francis Bacon help develop? Scientific method

14. Who did the philosophes influence to propose changes to Russia’s laws? Catherine the Great

15. The willingness of people to hand over their rights to a ruler in exchange for law and order in society is called… The social contract

16. Who influenced the United States Constitution and government with his ideas on the branches of government and their ability to check and balance each other? Baron de Montesquieu

17. Who argued that women should be educated and that they should enter male- dominated professions? Mary Wollstonecraft

18. The new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of the individual to solve problems was called… The Enlightenment

19. What act caused the American colonists to declare “no taxation without representation”? What American document embodied (represented) Enlightenment ideas by stating that people have the rights of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness? Stamp Act Declaration of Independence

20. Who invented the microscope? Who observed bacteria swimming in tooth filings with a microscope? Zacharias Janssen Anton van Leeuwenhoek