Enlightened Salon at the Rue St. Honore With Madame Geoffrin

Marie Thérèse Rodet Geoffrin has been referred to as one of the leading female figures in the French Enlightenment. From 1750–1777, Madame Geoffrin played host to many of the most influential Philosophes and Encyclopédistes of her time

English Philosopher Believed in Absolute rule for the sovereign People were naturally cruel, greedy and selfish People entered into a social contract by which they gave up their freedom for an organized society. “It is not wisdom but Authority that makes a law.” Life in the “state of nature” - without laws or other control would be - “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.”

 English Philosopher  Well known for his liberal anti-authoritarian theory of the state  People are basically reasonable and moral  People have certain natural rights, which belong to all humans from birth.  “Government has no other end, but the preservation of property.”

 What is an Enlightened Philosophe?  Break the word down and come up with a definition with your neighbor.  Share your definition!!!  Finish the rest of the slides to see if you are correct!!!

Voltaire and Diderot were both guests of Catherine the Great, Enlightened Despot of Russia  Diderot produced the 28-volumed Encyclopedia  His purpose was to “change the general way of thinking”  Supported freedom of expression  Voltaire defends freedom of speech  “My trade is to say what I think.”

French social commentator and political thinker Inherited his title but did not let his privileged status keep him from being a voice for democracy. To protect liberty, the functions and power of the government must be divided into three branches. “When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates, there can be no liberty;”

Believed that people in their natural state were basically good. This goodness was corrupted by the evils of society, especially with unequal distribution of property. Social Contract – The good of the community as a whole, should be placed above individual interests. “Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains”

“Only education could give women the tools they needed to participate equally with men in public life.”  18 th Century British writer, philosopher & advocate of women’s rights.  Argued that women were being excluded from the social contract.  Women’s first duty was to be a good mother but should be able to decide what is best for herself.

“Whenever there was a demand for goods or services,” he said, “suppliers would seek to meet that demand in order to gain profits.”  Scottish moral philosopher and pioneer of political economy.  Economy was tied to supply & demand  Supported Laissez Faire economics: allow business to operate with little or no government interference  Free Market

 What is an Enlightened Philosophe?  People who believed that the use of reason could lead to reforms in the government, law, and society.

Absolute ruler who used their power to bring about political and social change

 “In my kingdom everyone can go to heaven in his own fashion”  What natural right is Frederick referring to?  Religious Toleration Take 10 & Share

 Exerted extremely tight control over his subjects  Praised Voltaire’s work  Reduced Torture  Free Press  Stronger Monarchy = More power for Freddie!

 Read the works of philosophes: Voltaire and Diderot  Believed in equality & liberty  Abolished torture  Granted nobles a charter of rights  Criticized serfdom  Expanded Empire

 Most Enlightened monarch  Hapsburg ruling family  Traveled in disguise to learn about his subjects problems  BREAK!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!  Turn to p. 193 in your text and research the changes he made through meeting with his subjects  Take 10 to do this! ciFTP_KRy4

 Abolished serfdom  Ended censorship by allowing free press  Supported religious toleration  Attempted to bring the Catholic Church under state control  Sold run down monasteries & made in to hospitals or schools

 Think of the various effects of the Enlightenment.  Identify which effect you think most contributed to society, both short-term and long-term.  In one well-written paragraph write your choice.  The paragraph must include: Topic Sentence Enlightenment effect Details to explain/support your choice