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Chapter Menu Introduction Section 1: Section 1: The Economy Section 2: Section 2: People and Their Environment Visual Summary

Chapter Intro 1 East Asia is experiencing rapid economic changes. Agriculture continues to play a major role in the region’s economy, but industry and trade are becoming more important, especially in China, which is undergoing a dramatic economic transformation. The impact of transformation is global, as China becomes more involved in the global economy and faces enormous environmental problems.

Chapter Intro 2 Section 1: The Economy Patterns of economic interdependence vary among the world’s countries. The countries of East Asia are experiencing rapid economic changes as they emerge from the Asian financial crisis of the 1990s and adjust to a global economy.

Chapter Intro 3 Section 2: People and Their Environment Human actions modify the physical environment. Throughout East Asia, rapid industrialization and the burning of fossil fuels has led to severe pollution.

Chapter Preview-End

Section 1-GTR The Economy The countries of East Asia are experiencing rapid economic changes as they emerge from the Asian financial crisis of the 1990s and adjust to a global economy.

Section 1-GTR commune The Economy trade surplus trade deficit dissident economic sanctioneconomic sanction World Trade Organization (WTO)World Trade Organization (WTO) cooperative merchant marinemerchant marine Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

Section 1-GTR rigid The Economy technology despite

Section 1-GTR A.Wuhan The Economy B.Tianjin C.Guangzhou

A.A B.B C.C Section 1 Which is an activity of the World Trade Organization? A.Settling trade disputes B.Reviewing a country’s human rights record C.Placing economic sanctions The Economy

Section 1 The countries of East Asia are experiencing rapid economic changes as they adjust to a global economy and transition from agricultural to industrial economies. Economic Activities Economic systems: –Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan—market system based on private ownership –North Korea—rigid command system –China and Tibet—mixed economies

Section 1 Agriculture: –China—most rural economy; about 50% of workers are farmers. –Mongolia—used for grazing livestock –South Korea—12% of the population farms Economic Activities (cont.)

Section 1 –North Korea—36% of the population farms; farms are organized into cooperatives. –Japan and Taiwan—both are mountainous, so farming is a challenge. Economic Activities (cont.) Grain Production in China, 1950–1970

Section 1 Economic Activities (cont.) Industry: –Japan—despite a slump in the 1990s, Japan has recovered and has a strong industrial economy. –South Korea—they have also recovered from the slump and have rebuilt their economy. –North Korea—production of consumer goods suffers.

Section 1 Economic Activities (cont.) –Taiwan—one of the world’s most successful export-based economies –China—the government controls most major industries, but have adopted some features of a market economy in order to stimulate the economy. East Asia: Economic Activities

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 What percentage of Taiwan’s population works in a service industry? A.15% B.25% C.40% D.60%

Section 1 Improvements in transportation and communications networks will link the countries of East Asia and contribute to economic growth. Transportation and Communications Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan have major highway and railroad systems. The Chinese have made progress, the China-Tibet Railway.

Section 1 Transportation and Communications (cont.) China’s rivers provide important routes from inland areas to seaports: –Port of Shanghai –Tianjin –Guangzhou

Section 1 Communications: –North Korea and China—controlled by the government –Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan—free press Transportation and Communications (cont.)

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 Which country’s roads are mostly unpaved? A.South Korea B.China C.Mongolia D.North Korea

Section 1 East Asian countries have become increasingly interdependent, but trade disputes and political differences affect these relationships. Trade and Interdependence China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). In 2004, China signed a trade pact with the 10-nation Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).

Section 1 Trade and Interdependence (cont.) Japan: –In 2004, China and Japan ranked first and second, respectively, as having the largest trade surpluses with the U.S. –However, Japan restricts what other countries can sell to them. –In 2001, Japan and the U.S. established the U.S.-Japan Economic Partnership for Growth.

Section 1 Trade and Interdependence (cont.) China: –The U.S. and other countries want to trade with China, but worry about their undervalued currency. –Other countries have also tried to influence China to respect human rights. East Asian Balance of Trade

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 Which term refers to the difference in value over time between a country’s imports and exports? A.Trade surplus B.Trade deficit C.Balance of trade D.Economic sanctions

Section 1-End

Section 2-GTR People and Their Environment Throughout East Asia, rapid industrialization and the burning of fossil fuels has led to severe pollution of the air, land, and water.

Section 2-GTR chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) People and Their Environment primary aquaculture nuclear environmental

Section 2-GTR A.Three Gorges Dam People and Their Environment B.Inland Sea

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 2 The main environmental concern in East Asia is which of the following? A.Acid rain B.Air pollution C.Water pollution D.All of the above People and Their Environment

Section 2 The increased burning of fossil fuels has led to severe pollution and the search for cleaner sources of power. Managing Resources The burning of fossil fuels is the primary source of power for East Asia. Meeting Energy Needs

Section 2 Managing Resources (cont.) Other options: –Japan uses some solar panels and nuclear power. –China will be able to supply hydroelectric power due to the Three Gorges Dam.

Section 2 Managing Resources (cont.) Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan rely on nuclear energy for 30–40% of their power.

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 2 Burning fossil fuels leads to which of the following problems? A.Acid rain B.Air pollution C.Global warming D.All of the above

Section 2 The impact of industrial and economic growth in East Asia includes environmental damage, depletion of natural resources, and health risks. Human Impact Problems in China: –Acid rain from burning coal –Disposal of waste products

Section 2 Human Impact (cont.) –Industrial waste and pollution –Deforestation and the resulting soil erosion and flooding –Desertification

Section 2 Human Impact (cont.) Problems in the Koreas and Taiwan: –Air and water pollution Japan is now the world leader in addressing environmental issues such as pollution and overfishing. East Asia: Environmental Pollution

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 2 The Kyoto Treaty aims to remedy which environmental issue? A.Overfishing B.Carbon dioxide emissions C.Deforestation D.Desertification

Section 2 East Asia faces challenges from natural disasters such as floods and earthquakes. Future Challenges Challenges: –Flooding of the Huang He and Chang Jiang –The Three Gorges Dam project controversy

Section 2 Future Challenges (cont.) –Earthquakes –Volcanic activity –Tsunamis and typhoons

A.A B.B Section 2 If you were living in China, would you support or disapprove of the Three Gorges Dam project? A.Support B.Disapprove

Section 2-End

VS 1 A Growing Economy East Asian economies include market and command systems, as well as a mix of both. East Asia was once largely agricultural, but industrialization and the global economy have brought prosperity and growth to most countries in the region. Japan is a leading producer of technology products, while Taiwan has become one of the world’s most successful export-based economies.

VS 2 Consequences of Growth

VS-End

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Vocab1 commune a collective farming community whose members share work and products

Vocab2 cooperative a voluntary organization whose members work together and share expenses and profits

Vocab3 merchant marine a country’s fleet of ships that engage in commerce or trade

Vocab4 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) a trade group whose members ensure that trade among the member countries is efficient and fair

Vocab5 trade surplus earning more money from export sales than spending for imports

Vocab6 trade deficit spending more money on imports than earning from exports

Vocab7 dissident a citizen who speaks out against government policies

Vocab8 economic sanction trade restriction

Vocab9 World Trade Organization (WTO) an international body that oversees trade agreements and settles trade disputes among countries

Vocab10 chlorofluorocarbon chemical substance, found mainly in liquid coolants, that damages the Earth’s protective ozone layer

Vocab11 aquaculture the cultivation of seafood

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