Fri 2/28 Test-Chp.12 today

Pg.65-Title page Title page for Chp.14,15 and 16. Title for all 3 chapters 3 pictures total 3 key words total 3 colors

Mon 3/3 Reminder: Chp.12 Test Retakes before or after school until FRIDAY!!! Describe evidence for the scientific theories of the origins of life.

In: pg.66 Where do living things come from?

Where do living things come from? Spontaneous generation= living things come from nonliving things Biogenesis= living things come from living things

Pg.67- Origins of Life Chart Scientists Experiment Picture Redi (Pg.279) Spallanzani (pg. 280) Pasteur (pg. 281) Miller-Urey (pg. 285) Fox (pg.286)

Redi 1626-1697 Wanted to see if flies came from rotting meat or other flies.

Spallanzani 1729-1799 Concluded that boiled broth became contaminated with microorganisms from the air. Opponents said that air contained a “vital force” that microorganisms needed to live.

Pasteur 1822-1895 Paris Academy of Science offered a prize to anyone who could settle the spontaneous generation vs. biogenesis debate.

Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation. Used a curved neck flask that allowed air inside the flask but prevented microorganisms from entering. Broth was clear for a year, when neck was broken off broth became cloudy with microorganisms within a day. Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation.

Miller-Urey 1953 Created environment similar to ancient Earth (water, methane, ammonia, H2) and simulated a lightning strike. Found that organic compounds were formed.

Fox 1912-1998 Took the simple compounds from Miller-Urey and found that in acidic environments they would form simple, cell-like structures capable of growth, reproduction and simple metabolism.

Pg.67 - Analysis Questions How is biogenesis different from spontaneous generation? What did Redi’s experiment prove? What hypothesis was Spallanzani testing? Who disproved the idea of spontaneous generation? How was Pasteur’s experimental setup different from Spallanzani’s? What was Miller-Urey’s experiment modeling? How does Fox’s experiment relate to Miller-Urey’s experiment? Based on these experiments, what conclusions do modern scientist draw about the origins of life?

Homework Finish Diagrams and analysis questions

Out - pg.66 Do you think there is enough evidence to prove where life came from? Why?

Tues 3/4 CCSD NHPE Testing Day

Wed 3/5 Reminder: Chp.12 Test Retakes before or after school until FRIDAY!!! Provide examples of geological and biological evidence supporting evolution.

In: pg.68 What forms of life have existed in the past but no longer exist today? Give at least 2 examples. What happened to these organisms?

Pg. 69 – Relative Dating Fossil Lab Glue in as flip Geologic history movie clip (50s-2:56) Use movie clip to answer #1 complete relative dating activity & data table Complete analysis questions on the back

Out – pg. 68 In your daily life, are there events that tell you approximate times, even when you cannot see a clock? What are they?

Thur 3/6 Reminder: Chp.12 Test Retakes before or after school until FRIDAY!!! Provide examples of geological and biological evidence supporting evolution.

In: Pg. 70 Anticipation Guide T or F All traits have variation because they all have at least 2 alleles. T or F Helpful variations become more common in a population because individuals that have them survive and reproduce. T or F Traits an organisms gets during its lifetime (like big muscles on a weightlifter) can be passed on to offspring.

Pg.71 Cornell notes Chp.15: Theory of Evolution

What is Evolution? Populations, not individuals, evolve. Evolution occurs as a population’s genes and their frequencies change over time.

What is Evolution? Theory of Evolution= Development of new species from preexisting species over time. Modern definition: Evolution= heritable change in the characteristics of a population from generation to generation.

Lamarck’s Ideas Use and Disuse= The more an organism uses a part of its body, the more that body part develops. Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics= Physical traits an organism gets during its lifetime can be passed on to its offspring.

Who was Charles Darwin? 19th century British scientist. Traveled as a naturalist and collected various species, noticing their variations. Published a book “The Origins of Species” that proposed a mechanism of how evolution happens (called the theory of natural selection)

The voyage of the HMS Beagle

Darwin’s Theories Common Descent Descent with Modification All living things are descended from a common ancestor. Descent with Modification Change happens as a series of small steps over long periods of time.

Theory of Natural Selection a mechanism for change in populations. It occurs when organisms with certain beneficial traits survive, reproduce, and pass their traits to the next generation= (Fitness) Over time, beneficial traits become more common in a population.

4 Requirements for natural selection Overproduction of offspring: More offspring are born than are needed to continue the species Genetic variation: Within a population, individuals have different traits determined by differences in DNA. Struggle to survive: Some traits (adaptations) improve an individuals chance to survive. Differential reproduction: Organisms with the best adaptations are most likely to survive and reproduce.

Evidence of Evolution Fossils Biogeography Show that species change over time. Some species go extinct Transitional fossils Biogeography Closely related species adapt to different environments. Divergent evolution Species that are not related may look alike if they live in similar environments Convergent evolution

Embryology-embryos of different species look very similar. Gill slits and tail Molecular (Biological Molecules) -All organisms have the same DNA code.

Anatomy Homologous structures Analogous structures Same structure, different function Analogous structures Same function, different structure Vestigial structures Used to have a function but no longer do.

Artificial Selection Humans choose what individuals will breed. We act as a selective force all the time!!

Coevolution When 2 or more species have evolved adaptations together.

Finish Cornell Notes 3 questions in the left column 3-sentence summary at bottom

Pg. 72-73 3 Column Vocab-Chp.14 and 15 Evolution Natural selection Adaptation Fitness Homologous structure Analogous structure Vestigial structure Convergent evolution Divergent evolution Adaptive radiation Artificial selection Coevolution

Homework Finish vocab

Out – Pg.70 Tent Paragraph-highlight the words as you use them in the paragraph. Evolution Darwin Natural selection

Fri 3/7 Provide examples of geological and biological evidence supporting evolution.

Requirements for Natural Selection In: pg.74 Requirements for Natural Selection 47

Requirements for natural selection Overproduction of offspring: More offspring are born than are needed to continue the species Genetic variation: Within a population, individuals have different traits determined by differences in DNA. Struggle to survive: Some traits (adaptations) improve an individuals chance to survive. Differential reproduction: Organisms with the best adaptations are most likely to survive and reproduce.

Pg. 75 - Natural Selection Activity Rotate through the stations. At each station you will complete the task the judge describes. The judge will then initial either “live” or “die” on your chart. The judges’ decisions are final!!! When you have rotated through all 6 stations, answer the questions & hi-lite answers. STATION LIVE DIE 1 2 3 4 5 6 Questions What does it mean to be “fit” when you are talking about natural selection? Which stations were you “fit” at? What traits helped you survive these stations? What was being selected for at station 2? If this were the environment in which a group of organisms lived, what traits would you expect them to have? Why? What did this activity demonstrate about fitness in different types of environments?

Homework Finish Natural Selection questions.

Out – pg.74 Explain why some biologists say “fitness is measured in grandchildren”.

Mon 3/10 Provide examples of geological and biological evidence supporting evolution.

In: pg.76 Watch the “Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation” What trait was studied in this investigation? How does this trait affect the survival of mice in different environments? What caused the initial change in fur color?

Pg.77 Blending Butterflies Design a butterfly that can be camouflaged in the classroom. Cut out your butterfly and write your name on the back. Place your butterfly on a visible surface in the classroom (you can’t hide them behind objects). Make the butterfly as invisible as possible. Return to your seat and copy down the table below: Questions: What types of camouflage were used to disguise the butterflies in the classroom? Which type of camouflage was best at disguising butterflies in the classroom? Why do you think this worked the best? How do you think camouflaged animals evolved their camouflage? Total # of butterflies # of butterflies seen

Homework Finish your analysis questions.

Out – Pg.76 Explain how this insect may have evolved its unique appearance?…use what you know about the process of natural selection. 3+ sentences

Tues 3/11 INB Quiz today  get out ½ sheet, #1-10 Next Wednesday (3/19) is the last day for any missing/absent work for Qtr.3!!!!!

In: pg. 78 Tape in the diagram and answer the questions. Which represents analogous structures, the forelimbs or the wings? Why? Which represents homologous structures, the forelimbs or the wings?

Pg. 79 - Concept Map-Evidence of Evolution Read section 15.2 (pg.302-307) in the textbook and create a concept map about the evidence for evolution. Must have 3 levels: main idea, subtopics, details Must include definitions for: fossil, transitional species, biogeography, anatomy, embryology, homologous structures, analogous structures and vestigial structures.

Pg.79 - Concept Map-Evidence of Evolution use book pg.302-306 Relative age determined by superposition. Absolute age determined by radiometric dating. is Age of fossils Fossil Record Biogeography Distribution of fossils Transitional species Evidence of Evolution Biological Molecules Anatomy Embryology Vestigial structures DNA, RNA & Proteins Analogous structures Homologous structures

Homework Finish concept map.

Out-pg.78 What evidence provides information on horse evolution? What aspects of a horse’s environment do you think changed to cause it to evolve the way it did?

Wed 3/12 Wednesday (3/19) is the last day to make up “mi” and “ab” work for Quarter 3!!!!!!.

In: pg.80 What happens in convergent evolution? Read Section 15-3 (pg.308-309) Evolution in Action What happens in convergent evolution? What happens in divergent evolution? What is adaptive radiation?

Pg. 81 Bird and Beak Lab – complete activity, data table, and analysis questions Glue as flip up Under lab on notebook pg.81 Create a multiple bar graph representing your groups lab data

Homework Finish lab analysis questions & graph.

(you may not use the examples discussed in class today) Out – Pg.80 What is another example of convergent evolution? What is another example of divergent evolution? (you may not use the examples discussed in class today)