Followed by the invasion of Russia

After the fall of France the British are next In order to invade Britain Germany must have air superiority Germany must destroy British air force Air Force Germany – Luftwaffe UK – Royal Air Force (RAF)

German codename for the invasion of England Planned for September Amphibious and airborne invasion

Germany: Fighter ME 109 (Messerschmitt) Bombers Heinkels, Junkers, Dorniers Heinkels British fighters Hawker Hurricane Spitfire 600 non-British pilots fought

July – Germans attack ships in English Channel Aug – Germans attack coast Airfields Radar stations Late Aug – Sept – Germans target: Airfields Factories Ports London RAF retaliates by bombing Berlin

Germans lose 1700 planes and 3000 aircrew British lose 1000 planes and 500 men RAF keeps air superiority Germans postpone invasion until Spring 1941 Churchill – “Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few”

Bombing of British cities between Sept 1940-May 1941 London bombed 76 consecutive nights Incendiary Bombs Bomb Shelters

Over 40,000 civilians killed Video

Radar Broke the German code Enigma machine Ultra Winston Churchill The British People

1928 – Won gold medal in bobsled at the Olympics 16 yrs old 1932 – Gold medal again in Lake Placid 1936 – Refused to go to Olympics in Germany Joined RAF Pretended to be Canadian Killed in the Battle of Britain

Sept 1940 Germany, Italy and Japan Alliance Japan joins the Axis Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Slovakia, Yugoslavia and Croatia will join later. Italy invades Egypt

1939 – “Cash and Carry” Keeps US Neutrality Can sell weapons to countries but they must pay cash They must use their own ships Sept 1940 – “Destroyers for Bases” US trades British 50 old destroyers Gets bases in Canada and the Caribbean

Sept 1940 – Selective Service 1 st peacetime draft Men ages Expanded to after we join war Over 10 Million men will be drafted during the war

FDR nominated for 3 rd term Republican Wendell Wilkie FDR wins 55%-45%, electoral

March 1941 Passed by Congress Allows President to sell, lend or lease supplies US will provide aid to UK and China Later USSR Garden Hose Analogy FDR – “We must be the great arsenal of democracy”

Hitler frustrated by failure to invade England June 1941 – Germany invades USSR “The Eastern Front” Hitler thought invasion would take months Germany doesn’t prepare for a long war Stalin joins the Allies: “the enemy of my enemy is my friend”

By November the German Army reaches Moscow Russian winter hits Russians drive Germans back in January Over 1 million casualties 1000 mile supply lines Scorched earth

Summer 1941: FDR and Churchill meet aboard warships off the Canadian coast Joint declaration of war aims Decide to beat Germany first, then Japan

Battleships – Named after states Arizona, Missouri, etc men Guns up to 16 in Cruisers – Named after cities Indianapolis, Chicago, etc Guns up to 8 in

Destroyers – Named for Heroes 300 men 5 in guns, depth charges Submarines – Named after fish 60 men Torpedoes PT Boats – Numbered men

Aircraft Carriers – Many named for battles Yorktown, Saratoga, etc. Crew of over planes Considered not as important as battleships Until Dec 7th

– German U-boats attack supply convoys After Lend-lease US ships carry supplies to UK Later Murmansk convoys to USSR Merchant Marine Ships travel in convoys Defended by destroyers and submarines Sonar, depth charges

Hunt in groups – wolf packs Solo hunters called Lone wolfs

US Destroyer Torpedoed and sunk Halloween men killed