Trade Patterns, Goods, Japanese, Africans, Indians Misc Topics of World History I

But first... how people moved around during the Middle Ages Who Moved Where: Angles and Saxons migrated from continental (middle) Europe to England (British Isles) Magyars migrated from Central Asia to Hungary. Vikings migrated from Scandinavia to Russia.

Angles and Saxons Germanic Tribes who moved into the British Isles in the early 400s. Angles and Saxons both come from nearby areas in what is today Germany

Magyars Magyars originally come from central Asia in the early 400s and eventually settle into what is today Hungry.

Vikings Originally from Scandinavia (today Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland), Vikings made their way south into what is today Russia

Trade Routes During the medieval period (or Middle Ages), several major trading routes developed in the Eastern Hemisphere among Europe, Africa, and Asia. Major trade patterns of the Eastern Hemisphere between 1000 and 1500 A.D. Silk Routes (Silk Road) across Asia to the Mediterranean Maritime (sea) routes across the Indian Ocean Trans-Saharan (crossing the Sahara Desert) across North Africa Northern Europe links with the Black Sea Western Europe sea and river trade South China Sea and lands of Southeast Asia

Silk Road

Across the Indian Ocean

Trans-Saharan This just means "across the Sahara Desert"

Trans-Saharan

European Routes

The Goods... Gold: From West Africa Spices: From lands around the Indian Ocean Textiles (cloth): From India, China, the Middle East and later Europe Porcelain: From China and Persia Amber: from the Baltic region

The Technology... Paper from China through the Muslim world to Byzantium and Western Europe New crops from India (e.g., for making sugar) Waterwheels and windmills from the Middle East Navigation: Compass from China, lateen sail from Indian Ocean region

The Ideas... Spread of religions across the hemisphere – Buddhism from China to Korea and Japan – Hinduism and Buddhism from India to Southeast Asia – Islam into West Africa, Central and Southeast Asia Printing and paper money from China

Japan in about 5 minutes Japan is an archipelago (chain) of 4 main islands located in Asia, off the coast of Korea and Russia Sea of Japan separates Japan from the Asian mainland It is close to neighbors Korea and China

Japan in 5

Japan's cultural development was influenced by the fact that they're close to China Shinto and Buddhism are two religions that coexisted as religious traditions in Japanese culture Influence of Chinese culture on Japan: China also gave writing and architecture styles to Japan. o Japanese writing is similar to Chinese characters. o Japanese temples or pagodas and palaces look like their Chinese counterparts.

Chinese Writing Influences Japanese Writing Japanese WritingChinese Writing

Japan in 5 A Japanese Pagoda, or religious temple or shrine, is similar to ones built in China

Japan in 5 A Torii, or gate, that marks the entrance to a Shinto shrine.

Japan in 5 Shinto o Ethnic religion unique to Japan o Importance of natural features, forces of nature, and ancestors o State religion, worship of the Emperor o Co-existence with Buddhism

Africa During the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) African civilizations developed in sub-Saharan (south of the Sahara Desert) west and east Africa. Trade with these people brought important economic, cultural and religious influences to Africa from Europe and Asia Countries and empires that flourished during this time in Africa include: West Africa- Ghana, Mali, Songhai East Africa- Axum Southeast Africa- Zimbabwe

Axum Axum- African kingdom in Eastern Africa, located near the Nile River and the Ethiopian Highlands

Axum Rises to power between 100 and 900 A.D. Christian Empire Important because it was a center of trade because of where it was (between west Africa and the Indian Ocean)

Zimbabwe Located near the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers and the Indian Ocean coast

Zimbabwe City of Great Zimbabwe was the capital of the prosperous Kingdom of Zimbabwe Great Zimbabwe was a massive stone city 1780 acres in size Royal palace 18,000 residents High walls

Zimbabwe

West African Kingdoms The kingdoms of Ghana and Mali and the Songhai Empire existed at different times during the Middle Ages, but were all located in western Africa, south of the Sahara Desert, and near the Niger River Ghana =Orange, Mali = Yellow, Songhai = Light Blue

Ghana Oldest of the west African kingdoms AD Traded in gold, salt and ivory

Mali The Kingdom of Mali AD replaced the Kingdom of Ghana Eventually would be a Muslim kingdom Continued the trade of gold and salt

Songhai Empire Replaced the Kingdom of Mali One of the largest Islamic empires in history Home to center of trade and learning, Timbuktu

Timbuktu Important trading and learning center within the Islamic Songhai Empire The “Mud Mosque” shown here demonstrates the area’s Muslim history Timbuktu also had a famed university where at one point up to 25,000 students studied.

Ancient Americans Mayans, Aztecs and Incans

M AYANS Location= Rainforests of Central America and Mexico Major city= Chichén Itzá Government= Groups of city-states ruled by a king Economy= based on Agriculture & Trade Religion= Polytheistic Built Pyramids

Mayan Civilization

A ZTECS Location= Arid (dry) valley of Central Mexico Major city= Tenochtitlan Government= Empire ruled by a King Economy= agriculture and tribute (money) paid by conquered peoples Religion= Polytheistic, used human sacrifices for rituals Built Pyramids

Aztec Civilization

Incans: The Key Facts  Location: Andes mountains of South America  Major city= Machu Picchu  Government= Empire ruled by an emperor  Economy= High altitude, terraced farming  Religion= Polytheistic  Built a major road system

Incan Civilization

Terrace Farming

Mayan Pyramids

Machu Picchu

Mayan Advances  History= Mayans wrote of their own and their neighbor’s history using their own system of hieroglyphics  Religion= Mayans wrote about their religious beliefs and rituals but Spanish conquistadors destroyed many records  Architecture= Built pyramids as their temples  Astronomy= 365 day solar calendar  Math= Number system that included place values (ex 134,000) and zero