ES5 Rocks Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic

Standard 5a

Rock Cycle A. Igneous B. Sedimentary C. Metamorphic D. MagmaE. Sediments F. Weathering Erosion G. Crystallization H. Melting I. Compaction/ Cementation J. Heat and Pressure

Rock Cycle A. B.C. D. E. F. _____________ G. ____________ H. __________ I. _____________ J. _____________

Rock Cycle B.C. E. F. ____________ G. ____________ H. ____________ I. ____________ J. ____________

Rock Cycle A. C. D. F. ____________ G. ____________ H. ____________ I. ____________ J. ____________

Rock Cycle A. B. D.E. F. ____________ G. ____________ H. ____________ I. ____________ J. ____________

Igneous Rock Cycle A. B. C. ____________ D. ____________

Formation of Igneous

Where do Igneous Form?

Texture of Igneous Rocks Granite Gabbro

Texture of Igneous Rocks Rhyolite Basalt

Texture of Igneous Rocks Obsidian Pumice

Igneous Rock Classification

Minerals in Igneous Rocks

Felsic (Lighter) Rhyolite Granite

Intermediate (Medium) Andesite Diorite

Mafic Rocks (Darker) Basalt Gabbro

Minerals in Igneous Rocks

Geologic Provinces of Virginia

Where do we find Igneous Rocks?

Blue Ridge Blue Ridge Mountains – Part of Appalachian Mtns Highest mountains in Virginia Oldest rocks in Virginia

Blue Ridge Rock Type: – Igneous and metamorphic rocks Age: – 245mya – 1bya(Billion years ago) Fossils – None

Rock Cycle A. B. C. ____________ D. ____________

Standard 5b

Sedimentary Rock Cycle A. B. D. E. F. ____________ G. ____________ H. ____________ I. ____________

Formation of Sedimentary Rocks

Lithification - Clastic

Lithification - Chemical

Clastic Rocks Mixed sediment sizes.Sorted Sediment sizes. Conglomerate Sandstone Rounded pebbles, sand, clay Made almost exclusively from sand

Clastic Rocks Mixed sediment sizes.Sorted Sediment sizes. Breccia Shale Angular pebbles, sand, mud, clay Almost entirely clay

Chemical Rocks Chemical RockBiochemical Rock Limestone Coquina Almost entirely Calcite Clastic- chemical rock. Made of shells Will fizz with Acid

Classifying Sedimentary

Sedimentary Features Strata Fossils Ripple Marks Mud Cracks

Coastal Plain

A gently seaward sloping surface in Eastern Va West East Thin Thick “__PILE___” of loose sediments that have eroded from the mountains. The highest elevation is about 300 ft. above sea level

Coastal Plain Rock Type: – Loose sediment, sedimentary rocks Age: – 0-225mya (Million years ago) Fossils – Oceanic (Sea shells)

Valley and Ridge

An area of long, parallel ridges separated by valleys Caves and caverns

Valley and Ridge Rock Type: – Ridges: Hard rocks – Valleys: Soft rocks (like limestone) Age: – mya Fossils – Sea (ex. Shells)

Appalachian Plateau

Coal seam

Appalachian Plateau Rock Type: – Sedimentary Age: – mya Fossils – Tree – Fern – Some Sea

Sedimentary Rock Cycle A. B. D. E. F. ____________ G. ____________ H. ____________ I. ____________

Standard 5c

MetamorphicRock Cycle A. B. C. D.E. F. ____________ G. ____________ H. ____________ I. ____________ J. ____________

Formation

Features of Metamorphic Granite Gneiss Heat Pressure

Examples of Foliated Rocks ShaleSlate Heat Pressure

Two ways to get Gneiss

Un-Foliated SandstoneQuartzite Heat Pressure

Examples of Un-Foliated Heat and pressure can cause recrystallization. LimestoneMarble Heat Pressure

Metamorphic Classification Chart

Piedmont

Central Virginia Rolling hills and valleys Not much exposed rock

Piedmont Rock Type: – Mostly igneous and metamorphic rocks – Loose sediment Age: – mya (Million years ago) Fossils – None (Except Dino Tracks in Culpeper)

Separator: Fall Zone Separates Coastal Plain and Piedmont Water Falls Fall Zone