Why does it matter

 The universe is made of two things: matter and energy  Matter is anything that has mass and volume

 Matter is all around you.  Matter is any object that has mass and occupies space no matter how small it is  All matter are made of small particles called atoms

 Air  Water  Table  Cells  Bacteria  Apples  Planets  Gasses  Mixtures  Food

 Sound energy  Electricity  Lightning  Soul  Personality  Character  Heat  Color

 Mass is the amount of substance in an object

 Mass is the amount of substance in an object and does not change with the location of the substance  Weight is the amount of force of gravity on an object and it changes depending on the gravity the object is subjected to. For instance your mass will be the same here and on the moon but your weight will be less on the moon.

 Volume is the amount of space an object occupies

 Density is the amount of mass divided by the volume of matter. Each kind of matter has a specific density.

 All matter is made of small particles called atoms

Are the building blocks of all matter

 Atoms are so small. You cannot see them with a regular microscope  Atoms are 90 percent empty space  Atoms have a small structure in the middle called the nucleus  Protons and neutrons are found inside the nucleus  Electrons roam around the nucleus in orbits  Atoms are constantly moving

 There are many subatomic particles that are part of the atom, you only need to know about these three….  Protons : Found inside the nucleus, carry a charge of positive and have a mass of 1 atomic unit  Neutrons : Found inside the nucleus, carry no charge so they are neutral and have a mass of 1 atomic unit  Electrons : Roam around the nucleus in orbitals and form a cloud like formation, have negligible mass and carry a negative charge.

Subatomic particleLocationChargeMassSymbol ProtonsInside nucleus positive1p NeutronsInside nucleusneutral1n ElectronsIn orbitals around nucleus negative0e

Matter can be divided into the following: Pure substances and Mixtures: Pure substances are either: 1. Elements : made of one kind of atom 2. Example: Gold, Oxygen, Aluminum 3. Compounds : when two or more atoms join together to make a new substance. The new substance has new properties and cannot be easily separated. Example: water and plastic  Mixtures and solution : when elements and compounds are mixed together. They don’t make a new matter. They can be easily separated.

 Pure substances are made of one kind of particle only.  Pure substances could be either an element or a compound

 Elements are made of one kind of atom only  On Earth, scientists have identified a 118 elements only  Most elements are not found naturally alone  Elements are represented in the periodic table  Examples of elements  Hydrogen  Oxygen  Iron  Helium  Gold

Elements are represented in the periodic table in a box that has a symbol and 2 numbers, atomic number and atomic mass

 Atomic number : number of protons  Atomic mass : number of protons and neutrons  In a neutral atom : number of protons that are positive is always the same as the number of negative electrons

 Two or more elements joined together by a bond to make a new substance  Compound are found more abundantly on Earth  Examples of compounds  Water  Carbon dioxide  Wood  Nylon

 When two or more elements or compounds are mixed together, they form a mixture.  Mixtures are made of two or more types of particles  Mixtures can be separated into the different components.  When mixed together, the materials don’t disappear or vanish, their particles simply fit differently next to each other. For example when sugar dissolves in water, the sugar particles fit in between the water particles.

 Mixtures are either: Homogenous and Heterogeneous  Homogenous Mixtures A homogeneous mixture is a mixture where the components that make up the mixture are evenly distributed throughout the mixture. Example air, blood, saturated sugar water, alloys like coins

 Heterogeneous Mixtures  A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture where the components of the mixture are not evenly or are randomly distributed throughout the mixture Example rocks, oil and water, soup, pizza, sandwich, salad Vinegar and oil