Prepared by: Erma Heldayu Binti Idris P71691 GE6533 LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES INSTRUCTION

 Main Findings & Discussion  The most common strategies employed by successful English language learners (SELL) in Listening &Speaking, Reading and Writing  The most common strategies employed by SELL in acquiring Grammar & Vocabulary  The most common overall strategies employed by SELL  Main Features of SELL  Implications

Most common strategy employed by SELL in Listening & Speaking Table 1: Mean score and standard deviation for listening and speaking strategies employed by successful English language learners Watching TV shows in English (M = 2.40, S.D = 0.699) is the most common listening & Speaking strategy employed by SELL Survey ItemMean ScoreStand. Deviation 1. I watch TV shows in English If I hear people speaking English, I listen I plan what I am going to say to talk with other people I start conversations to talk with other people

Most common strategy employed by SELL in Reading Table 2: Mean score and standard deviation for reading strategies employed by successful English language learners Survey ItemMean ScoreStand. Deviation 1. I read a lot in English I read things in English more than once to help me understand what I read I use a dictionary to find the meaning when I don't understand what I read I read for fun in English Reading a lot in English (M= 2.40, S.D = 0.707) is the most common reading strategy employed by SELL

Most common strategy employed by SELL in Writing Table 3: Mean score and standard deviation for writing strategies employed by successful English language learners Survey ItemMean ScoreStand. Deviation 1. I use a dictionary or glossary to help me write better I ask someone to correct my writing to help me write better I use words from Malay language if I can’t think of a word or phrase I want to write I plan what I am going to write to help me write better Planning what to write in order to write better (M = 2.20, S.D = 0.789) is the most common writing strategy employed by SELL

Most common strategy employed by SELL in acquiring Grammar Table 4: Mean score and standard deviation for grammar strategies employed by successful English language learners Survey ItemMean ScoreStand. Deviation 1. When my teacher corrects my grammar mistake, I repeat the correct form I do grammar exercises at home I try to practise a new grammar structure in speaking or writing I ask my teacher questions about his/her corrections on my grammatical mistakes Repeating the correct form when teacher corrects their grammar mistakes (M = 2.20, S.D = 0.632) is the most common grammar strategy employed by SELL

Most common strategy employed by SELL in acquiring Grammar Table 5: Mean score and standard deviation for vocabulary strategies employed by successful English language learners Survey ItemMean ScoreStand. Deviation 1. When my teacher corrects my grammar mistake, I repeat the correct form I do grammar exercises at home I try to practise a new grammar structure in speaking or writing I ask my teacher questions about his/her corrections on my grammatical mistakes None of the vocabulary strategies listed in the survey were used by SELL

Most common overall strategies employed by SELL Table 6: Overall Mean scores and standard deviations of strategies used by successful English language learners Survey ItemMean ScoreStand. DeviationRank Listening & Speaking Reading Writing Grammar Vocabulary Reading strategies (M = 1.98, S.D = 0.668), and listening and speaking strategies (M = 1.93, S.D = 1.93) are the most frequently used strategies.

SELLs expose themselves to the language used in real life by watching TV shows in English SELLs read a lot in English because they have a wide wange of vocabulary so they do not have difficulty understanding English texts.  Pazhakh and Soltani (2010) - extensive reading is an important way to develop vocabulary knowledge because extensive reading exposes learners to a wide range of words which is necessary to help them comprehend the texts read.

SELLs have a wide range of vocabulary so, they do not have to use a dictionary in order to write as they do not have difficulty using English words in their writing. SELLs repeat the correct form when teacher corrects their grammatical mistakes to ensure they use grammar rules correctly and appropriately. Overall, reading and listening & speaking are the most common strategies employed by SELLs SELLs have a wide range of vocabulary and high self- esteem. So, they are able to understand English and use the language with confidence.

SELLs prefer to expose themselves to the language to improve their English as they utilise English media e.g. reading English materials and watching TV shows in English. SELLs employ organisational strategy to help them improve their writing by planning their ideas in advance. SELLs imitate the correct use of the language to enable them use grammar rules correctly. However, SELLs avoid using a dictionary to find the meanings of words and do not seem to employ vocabulary strategies because they have a wide range of vocabulary.

using TV shows - to enhance primary school learners’ listening and speaking skills and reading a lot in English - to enhance primary school learners’ reading skills.  incoporate the use of videos / movies into English lessons to enhance pupils’ listening and speaking skills.  encourage pupils to read a lot of reading materials in English e.g. storybooks, magazines, newspapers and articles to help improve pupils’ reading skill

teach pupils to plan out writing in advance  by modelling how does the structure of a composition should be, modelling how to draw mind maps for brainstorming ideas as well as finding the main ideas and supporting details. model to pupils to repeat the correct form of words and sentences when teacher corrects the learner’s grammatical mistakes  to help them acquire grammar so that they know the correct grammar usage and are able to use the grammar rules correctly and appropriately in their speech and writing.