CJ in the USA Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Upon completion of this Module, the student will be able to:  Define homeland security and terrorism  Explain the mandate of the United States Constitution with regard to homeland security  Describe the role of the first responder in homeland security incidents  Identify the types of incidents that are included in homeland security Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Introduction  Homeland Security September 11, 2001  International terrorism  Review the concepts of securing the U.S. homeland FEMA First responders Legal underpinnings Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Homeland Security  Article 4, Section 4 of the U.S. Constitution states: “The United States shall guarantee to every state in this Union a Republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and on application of the legislature, or of the executive (when the legislature cannot be convened) against domestic violence” Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

History of Homeland Security  Security response moved from local and state control to the federal level as U.S. became more populous  Resources of federal government were needed in large scale disasters Johnstown flood – 1889 San Francisco earthquake Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

History of Homeland Security  The Department - DHS National Defense Council – 1917 FEMA – 1979 Department of Homeland Security established by President George W. Bush after Sept. 11 attacks Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

DHS Organization  Five directorates: Border and Transportation Security Emergency Preparedness and Response Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection Science and Technology Office of Management Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

DHS Organization  Other offices/agencies under DHS include: Privacy Office Office of Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Office of Counter Narcotics Office of Security Coast Guard Secret Service Citizenship and Immigration Services Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

What Does Homeland Security Mean?  Protecting the homeland from danger and risk, include: Natural Disasters Hurricanes, earthquakes, volcano eruptions, floods, etc. Mitigating risk through building codes, planning, communications, shelters, and other services Other Disaster Threats Pandemic outbreaks Plane crashes or other large accidents Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

What Does Homeland Security Mean?  First Responders in Disasters Local police, fire, and emergency medical services (EMS) Federal response takes time and acts as support role  Personal Responsibility Citizens should have response plans and supplies Report suspicious activity Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

What Does Homeland Security Mean?  Emergency Plans “What if” scenarios National Incident Management System (NIMS) HAZMAT Agencies cross jurisdictional lines for training and response Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

What Does Homeland Security Mean?  Federal Disaster Response Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) National Disaster Medical System National Interagency Fire Center Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) National Guard Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Case Study:  North Hollywood Shootout On February 28, 1997, 2 heavily armed men robbed a Bank of America. Their escape plan was thwarted due to police responding faster than the suspects anticipated. What actions constitute homeland security rather than “just a crime?” Is the intent to commit a crime – or to inflict terror on citizens? Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Terrorism - Defined  “The calculated use of violence or threat of violence to attain goals that are political, religious or ideological in nature. This is done through intimidation, coercion, or instilling fear. Terrorism involves a criminal act that is often symbolic and intended to influence an audience beyond the immediate victims.” – U.S. Department of the Army (DA), AR Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Terrorism - Defined  “…violent criminal conduct apparently intended: (a) to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; (b) to influence the conduct of a government by intimidation or coercion, or (c) to affect the conduct of a government by assassination or kidnapping.” – U.S. Department of Justice  “Violence for…effect…not primarily, and sometimes not at all for physical effect on the actual target, but rather for its dramatic effect on the audience…” – Brian Jenkins, Rand Corp. Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Terrorism  Domestic Terrorism Oklahoma City bombing – violent crime or terrorism?  Local Law Enforcement Response to Terrorism A safe, measured, timely response is of paramount importance, regardless of motivation First responders know they must be prepared to react, regardless of the cause of the emergency Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Terrorism  Anti-Terrorism Laws Primarily federal laws Enforced by federal agencies and tried in federal courts Court of Military Justice Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Response to Terrorism  Extensive federal funding for homeland security initiatives  Multi-jurisdictional trust and communication continues to be a challenge Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Terrorism  U.S. Disasters Both terrorist and non-terrorists events resulting in mass casualties and fatalities: Hurricanes Katrina, Andrew, Camille Columbine High shootings Branch Davidian raid in Waco, Texas Crash of American Airlines Flight 587 Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Response to Terrorism  Citizen Involvement in Terrorism Education and training efforts An “informed citizenry” A measured, productive response Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Summary  The first response to a terrorist act does not differ significantly from a first response to any other emergency or disaster.  Disasters may be natural (caused by the environment), intentional (caused by terrorists), or non-terrorist accidents.  First responders remain the foundation for any disaster and must be included in homeland disaster planning, such as terrorism. Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.