HEA 113 Casey Fay, MS

Understand the Addictive Process Discuss reasons why people choose to use or not to use drugs. Identify the types of drug dependence, and discuss the factors affecting drug dependence. Describe the treatment methods available for individuals seeking help for addiction

Physical Health Psychological Health Spiritual Health Social Health Intellectual Health Environmental Health

A recognizable psychological and behavioral syndrome that expresses itself in a particular individual in regard to specific substances or processes but which exhibits a striking similarity and commonality among addicted individuals regardless of their specific circumstances and particular addictions.

Processes Food Sex/Porn Gambling Spending Substances Alcohol Illicit Drugs Prescription Drugs Crossover, switching of addictions, multiple addictions and a changing pattern of addiction are common!

The person becomes obsessed (constantly thinks of) the object, activity, or substance. They will seek it out, or engage in the behavior even though it is causing harm The person will compulsively engage in the activity, that is, do the activity over and over even if he/she does not want to and find it difficult to stop.

Upon cessation of the activity, withdrawal symptoms often occur. These can include irritability, craving, restlessness or depression. The person does not appear to have control as to when, how long, or how much he or she will continue the behavior (loss of control). He/she often denies problems resulting from his/her engagement in the behavior, even though others can see the negative effects.

Person hides the behavior after family or close friends have mentioned their concern. Many individuals with addictive behaviors report a blackout for the time they were engaging in the behavior Individuals with addictive behaviors often have low self esteem, feel anxious if the do not have control over their environment, and come from psychologically or physically abusive families.

Routes of Administration Dosage and Toxicity Individual Differences/Influential Factors

Routes of Administration of Drugs

Toxicity Poisonousness; the dosage level at which a drug becomes poisonous to the body, causing either temporary or permanent damage. Detoxification Enzymes Specific body chemicals that eventually break down drugs in the liver

Setting and/or circumstances Enzyme variants Emotions Physical illness Genetics Personality Psychological attitude

Psychoactive –Means mind-altering Addiction –A behavioral pattern characterized by compulsion, loss of control, and continued repetition of a behavior or activity in spite of adverse consequences. Psychological Dependence –The emotional or mental attachment to the use of a drug. Physical Dependence –The physiological attachment to, and need for, a drug.

Psychoactive Substance Abuse Disorder –The continued use of drugs despite awareness of persistent or repeated social, occupational, psychological, or physical problems related to drug use or the use of drugs in dangerous ways or situations; individuals do not experience symptoms of tolerance or withdrawal that characterize dependence. Intoxication –Maladaptive behavioral, psychological, and physiologic changes that occur as a result of substance abuse.

Withdrawal –Development of symptoms that cause significant psychological and physical distress when an individual reduces or stops drug use. Polyabuse –The misuse or abuse of more than one drug. Coexisting Conditions –Dual diagnoses.

The Biology of Dependence Dopamine, glutamine, GABA, and norepinephrine. The Psychology of Vulnerability Difficulty controlling impulses, a lack of values that may constrain drug use, low self-esteem, feelings of powerlessness, denial, and depression or anxiety. Early Influences Lower socioeconomic backgrounds, family instability, a lack of realistic, rewarding alternatives and role models, and increased hopelessness.

Recognize the reality of the problem. Consult a physician, counseling center, or local mental health clinic. Intervention Modalities –Medical care –Medication –Detoxification –Individual psychotherapy –Marital and family therapy –Behavior modification –12-step programs

Set goals for yourself. Participate in drug-free activities. Educate yourself. Choose friends with a future.

Talk about the poster. What is the message? Is it believable? With your partner, write down everything you know about the drug (or may have heard). Describe an experience either you had with the drug, or someone you know has had with it (you don’t have to share your personal experiences, but you are free to do so)

Write a premortem about your life involving drugs. A pre-mortem — also known as a premortem — is a managerial strategy in which a manager imagines that a project or organization has failed, and then works backward to determine what potentially could lead to the failure of the project or organization. [ Management can then analyze the magnitude and likelihood of each threat, and take preventative actions to protect the project or organization from suffering an untimely "death".