UNIT ONE Mason Wright, Christian Moor, and Nikki Frydenlund AP Government--Fall 2015

Chapter One: Questions of Power Power: getting one person or group to do what another person or groups wants. Authority to exercise power: acceptance comes with legitimacy (credibility) Questions of Legitimacy: Social upheavals Morality Religion

Chapter One: Democracy Democracy : "rule of the many" But what does this mean for us? Smaller communities can practice direct democracy. In larger communities it is more practical to have representative democracy.

Chapter One: Elitist Theories Marxist: dominated by capitalists Power Elite: dominated by powerful few Bureaucratic: dominated by impersonal government officials...more optimistic is... Pluralist: no single elitist group

I Want You to Answer: Do you think any of these elitist theories prevail in our society today? If so, which one(s)?

Chapter Two: The Constitution Background Video! end at 4:25

The Constitution Creation ●Constitutional Convention: A meeting of delegates from each state in Philidelphia. ●Virginia Plan = Strong central government ●New Jersey Plan = Weak central government

The Constitution Creation The Great Compromise: House of Representatives based on state population and two senators from each state in the senate.

The Strength of the Constitution Separation of Powers: The government is split into three different branches. Checks and Balances: This made the government control itself so no one branch became dominant. Ex: Judicial review, impeachment, and presidential vetoes

Powers of the Constitution Reserved Powers: Powers given to the States alone. Concurrent Powers: Powers shared by the national and state governments.

The Feds Federalists = Strong central government Anti-Federalists = Weak central government

Bill of Rights ●The first ten amendments ●Was promised to convince states like Massachusetts to ratify the Constitution ●Limited the power of the federal government

Slavery ●“According to James Madison’s Diary, the issue of slavery was the most divisive subject at the convention.” (PBS The Constitution and the Idea of Compromise) ●Was purposely avoiding the topic of slavery the right choice for America?

Chapter Three: Federalism Background Video! Start at 10:00

Chapter Three: Why Federalism? Federalism: Government authority shared by national and local governments Sets rules on: ●Taxes ●Speed-Limits ●Crime and Punishment ●Funds for Schooling

Federalism System

Chapter Three: Federalism Debate McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Could Congress charter a national bank? Could States tax a national bank? YxtCTIQNb4

Chapter 3: Federal-State Relation Grant-in-Aid: Money by the national government to the states

Federal vs. State Power Federal Categorical Grants federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport Federal Mandates terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not the accept federal grants Selective Incorporation Federal courts can overturn state and local practices State Block Grants money from federal government that can be used within broad guidelines determined by Washington 10th Amendment The powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved to the states respectively Welfare Reform Act of 1996 States are given the power and money to create their own welfare program

Chapter Three: Federal Aid/Control Conditions of aid: terms set by government for states to meet in order to receive money (mandates) *¼ state budget comes from federal aid non-aid mandates include: antidiscrimination environmental Waivers can be requested to violate mandates

Chapter Three: Devolution 1981-Reagan lowered grants and strings attached and created block grants 1996-Clinton retroactivated guarantee of federal welfare Devolution-passing federal functions to state Second/Third-Order Devolution: increased power and money to states and increased role of nonprofits Express/Implied Preemption: explicitly displacing contrary state/local laws versus implied restrictions

Question: Do you think the process of devolution is a positive or negative? Why?

Works Cited Berry, John. "Theories of Power: Pluralist, Elitist and Marxist Perspectives." Theories of Power: Pluralist, Elitist and Marxist Perspectives. N.p., 12 Apr Web. 09 Jan "Busting Bureaucracy." Bureaucracy — Max Weber's Six Characteristics of the Bureaucratic Form. Visionary Publications, n.d. Web. 09 Jan "The Constitution and the Idea of Compromise." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 09 Jan "Federal Mandate Law & Legal Definition." Federal Mandate Law & Legal Definition. US Legal, n.d. Web. 12 Jan Green, John. "Crash Course US History E08 The Constitution, the Articles, and Federalism - (Full Episodes)." YouTube. YouTube, 4 Aug Web. 12 Jan Hughes, Keith. "McCulloch vs Maryland Explained: US History Review." YouTube. YouTube, 20 Mar Web. 12 Jan