Basic Chemistry CHAPTER 2-3

Polarity Covalently bonded molecules

Polarity Some are non-polar Electrically neutral as a molecule Some are polar Have a positive and negative side

Polarity

Hydrogen bonds Weak chemical bonds Hydrogen is attracted to the negative portion of polar molecule Provides attraction between molecules

Hydrogen bonds

How many drops of water can you fit on a penny? Who can guess correctly??

Patterns of Chemical Reactions

Synthesis reaction (A + B  AB) Atoms or molecules combine Energy is absorbed for bond formation

Synthesis reaction (A + B  AB)

Decomposition reaction (AB  A + B) Molecule is broken down Chemical energy is released

Decomposition reaction (AB  A + B)

Synthesis or Decomposition Reaction?

Synthesis: Fe + O2  FeO2

Exchange reaction (AB + C  AC + B) Involves both synthesis and decomposition reactions Switch is made between molecule parts and different molecules are made

Exchange reaction (AB + C  AC + B)

Biochemistry: Essentials for Life

Organic compounds

Contain carbon Mostly LARGE! Most are covalently bonded Example: C 6 H 12 O 6 (glucose)

Inorganic compounds Lack carbon Tend to be SMALL / SIMPLE Example: H 2 O (water)

Inorganic Compounds WATER!! Important properties

Water Article Read the article on the important properties of water Identify the explain the 5 properties listed that account for its ability to support life. List a reason why each property is essential

Inorganic Compounds WATER!! High heat capacity (thermal stability) Adhesion/cohesion Polarity/solvent properties Chemical reactivity Cushioning Cerebrospinal fluid Amniotic fluid

Important Inorganic compounds SaltsAcidsBases pH (Acid-base concentrations

Important Organic compounds CarbohydratesMonosaccharidesDisaccharidesPolysaccharidesLipidsTriglyceridesPhospholipidsSteroidsCholesterol ProteinsEnzymes Nucleic Acids ATP