The Respiratory System Purpose is for Gas Exchange 1.Ensures a fresh supply of oxygen is available for chemical reactions in the body. 2.Removes harmful carbon dioxide from the body.

The Respiratory System Composition: miles of airway miles of capillaries -300 million air sacs -80x the surface area of your skin

The Respiratory System Fact: -Can survive weeks without food -Can survive 2-3 days without water -Can survive 2-3 minutes without air

9 Lesson 9.1: Functions and Anatomy of the Respiratory System Lesson 9.2: Respiration: Mechanics and Control Lesson 9.3: Respiratory Disorders and Diseases The Respiratory System

Lesson 9.1 Functions and Anatomy of the Respiratory System Chapter 9: The Respiratory System

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Major organs of the Respiratory System (Also known as the Pulmonary system) the nose the nasal cavity the pharynx the larynx the trachea the bronchi the lungs Anatomy of the Respiratory System Figure 9.1 page 303

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Anatomy of the Respiratory System System is divided into two parts: 1. Upper respiratory tract - nose, mouth, nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx 2. Lower respiratory tract - trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Upper Respiratory Tract Functions Serves as a pathway to the lungs Filter/remove inhaled foreign particles Humidity & temperature control of inspired air Produce sound (larynx) Provide sense of smell (olfactory receptors) Aid in immune defense Anatomy of the Respiratory System

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Upper Respiratory anatomy Nose – only external part of the respiratory sys. »Nares (nostrils) –Rhinoplasty (most common plastic surgery) Anatomy of the Respiratory System

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Upper Respiratory anatomy Nasal cavity –Vestibular region – cilia (oily hairs) trap particles –Olfactory region – lined with receptors and mucus membranes –Respiratory cavity – lined with capillaries to warm air. The thin walls of veins are the cause of nosebleeds. –Conchae – three bones, increase surface area and air turbulence to increase particle capture on mucus Anatomy of the Respiratory System

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Upper Respiratory anatomy Nasal cavity (continued) –Palate – separate nasal cavity and oral cavity. Hard (bone) & soft (fleshy) = uvula prevents food into nasal –Sinuses – broken into four regions - warm, moisten air - lighten the head - amplify voice - mucus lined Anatomy of the Respiratory System

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. - Pharynx –Three regions –Eustachain tubes drain into Naso -Middle ear & upper respiratory infections -Tonsils - pharyngeal (naso) - palatine (oro) - lingual (oro) - lymphatic tissue that traps bacteria (infected) Anatomy of the Respiratory System The Upper Respiratory anatomy

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Upper Respiratory anatomy -Larynx - 8 cartilaginous plates, largest is thyroid plate aka Adam’s Apple - Epiglottis flap of tissue routes food/air - Voice box – mucus membrane lined, pair of folds (vocal cords) Space between folds is known as glottis which gives room for vocal cords to vibrate and produce sound. Anatomy of the Respiratory System

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Lower Respiratory -Trachea (windpipe) - 10 cm long (4 inches) - lined with mucus membrane and ciliated epithelium - cilia sweep foreign matter upward to larynx to be coughed up or swallowed - walls reinforced with C-shaped cartilaginous rings + anterior rigid to prevent airway from collapse + posterior not rigid to allow flexibility Anatomy of the Respiratory System

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Lower Respiratory - Bronchi –primary bronchi (branches to right and left lung) + right bronchus is more vertical – higher tendency for lodged objects –Bronchioles Y-shaped branches, reinforced with cartilage rings Anatomy of the Respiratory System

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Lower Respiratory - Alveoli Air filled sacs, main site of gas exchange, millions of clusters Walls of alveoli covered in surfactant (phospholipid) to reduce surface tension and prevent alveoli collapse macrophages (immunity cells) keep alveoli clean and bacteria free Gases and macrophages move between alveoli through pores of Kohn (holes in alveolar walls) –alveolar capillary membrane – site of gas exchange Thin walls – gases pass through wall of alveoli, wall of capillary and onto RBC by diffusion. Anatomy of the Respiratory System

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Lungs –Large organ takes up most of thoracic cavity Mediastinum = cavity houses heart and major blood vessels –Apex – upper part of lung (near clavicle), broad lower portion of lung lies on the diaphram –Pleural sac (2 serous membranes) = lubricates parietal pleura – lines thoracic wall visceral pleura – covers the lungs Anatomy of the Respiratory System

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Upper Respiratory Tract

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Match these words with 1–4 below: surfactant, apex, epiglottis, conchae. 1. lungs 2. larynx 3. nasal cavity 4. alveoli Review and Assessment