Scientific Method ChemistryBiochemThe CellCells to Systems

100 Points What is an observation? Give an example. Using your five senses to record information. Ex: The food tastes good.

200 Points What is an inference? Give an example. Logical conclusion based on observations. Ex: The food is good, Ms. Hassan must have cooked.

300 Points What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative data? Quantitative = uses measurements Qualitative = uses descriptions

400 Points Explain how a hypothesis can be proved. Performing and repeating experiments. It can be disproved by a single experiment.

500 Points Name at least three examples of a model. Heart model, flower model, map, drawing, graph, etc.

100 Points A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances is called… Element

200 Points What are the four main elements that make up most living things? Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

300 Points Name three examples of a compound Ex: Water (H20), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Glucose (C6H12O6)

400 Points Describe the three subatomic particles found in atoms, and explain their location. Protons – Positively charged (+) particle, located in the nucleus Neutrons – No electrical charge (0), located in the nucleus Electrons – Negatively charged (-) particle, located outside the nucleus in electron “cloud”

500 Points What is the difference between an ionic and covalent bond? Ionic bond – occurs when atoms transfer electrons from one to another (give away or take) Covalent bond – occurs when atoms share electrons (purpose of bonds is to fill outer most energy layer)

100 Points What are the main ingredients of organic molecules? Carbon – forms carbon skeletons Can also bond with other elements, such as hydrogen = hydrocarbons

200 Points What is a carbohydrate made up of? (include elements) Carbohydrates are made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. (Sugars are carbohydrates)

300 Points What are lipids made up of? Give an example of a lipid. Lipids are made up of glycerol and three fatty acid chains. Examples of lipids include fats, oils, steroids (hydrophobic - water fearing)

400 Points The building blocks of proteins are? How do we determine different proteins? Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins Proteins are created by linking chains of amino acids together. Amino acids differ in their side groups.

500 Points How are catalysts successful in speeding up the rate of a reaction? They lower the activation energy required to start the reaction. Main catalysts are called enzymes

100 Points Which objective power of a microscope would allow you to see the most cells on a slide? Low power, bigger field of view

200 Points What are the three parts of the cell theory? 1.All living things are composed of cells. 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. 3. All cells come from preexisting cells.

300 Points Name three differences between plant cells and animal cells. Plant cells have a cell wall, have chloroplasts and large vacuoles. Animal cells do not have a cell wall, chloroplast, and have small vacuoles.

400 Points What is diffusion? What structure do substances need to travel across in the cell membrane? Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Substances move across the phospholipid bilayer.

500 Points Name three organelles and describe their function. Examples: Nucleus – contains DNA, information center Endoplasmic Reticulum – manufacturing and transportation Ribosomes – create proteins Golgi Apparatus – modifies, stores, and routes products Vacuoles – storage of undigested nutrients, water, etc. Mitochondria – sites where cellular respiration occurs.

100 Points What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? Anatomy – study of structure of an organism and its parts Physiology – study of the function of structures

200 Points What is the level of body structure from simplest to most complex? Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System

300 Points Name at least three organ systems in the human body. Examples: Integumentary System Skeletal System Digestive System Muscular System Circulatory System Endocrine System Excretory System

400 Points What is homeostasis? Why is it important? The internal or “steady-state” maintained by your body. (temperature, pH, water level, etc.) It is important because your tissues can only survive within a narrow range of conditions.

500 Points Explain how the skin helps maintain homeostasis. Physically separates your body from the external environment. (insulates body, keeps dirt out, adjusts to change in temp, hair protects head, etc.)