Daily Quiz Name one type of bone tissue. Name a bone in the axial skeleton. Name a bone in the appendicular skeleton. Name one of the four bone types. What is hematopoiesis?

Bone Fractures and Disorders

Bone Fractures Slide 5.16 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  A break in a bone  Types of bone fractures  Closed (simple) fracture – break that does not penetrate the skin  Open (compound) fracture – broken bone penetrates through the skin

Greenstick Fracture incomplete break occurs on the convex surface of the bend in the bone

Fissured Fracture incomplete, longitudinal break

Comminuted Fracture complete and fractures the bones basically shattering a bone

Transverse Fracture complete break occurs at a right angle to the axis of the bone

Oblique Fracture occurs at an angle other than a right angle to the axis of the bone

Spiral Fracture twisting break caused by excessive twisting of the bone

Healing Fractures Healing a fracture generally takes 6-8 weeks children usually heal faster than adults

Healing Fractures Step 1: Blood escapes from ruptures blood vessels and forms a hematoma (blood clot)

Healing Fractures Step 2: spongy bone forms in regions close to developing blood vessels and cartilage forms in more distant regions (cartilage callus)

Healing Fractures Step 3: A bony callus replaces the cartilage callus

Healing Fractures Step 4: Excess bone tissue is removed, making bone much like the original

How can doctors help fractures heal? Immobilize the bones! Screws, plates, nails, rods Hybrid Fixator Casts First cast introduced in Philadelphia in 1876

Skeletal System Disorders Brittle Bone Disease genetic disorder resulting in bones that break easily

Skeletal System Disorders Osteoporosis occurs when new bone is not being made fast enough to replace degenerating bone older women at higher risk

Skeletal System Disorders Scoliosis abnormal curve in the spine

Skeletal System Disorders Arthritis inflammation of the joints

Label the Following Bones on your skeleton Metacarpals Phalanges (fingers) Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals/Talus Metatarsals Phalanges (toes) Cranium Mandible Clavicle Sternum Ribs Humerus Radius Ulna Sacrum Vertebrae Carpals