PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PART A 5 The Skeletal System

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings I) Bones: An Overview A. Parts of Skeletal System  Bones (skeleton)  Joints  Cartilages  Ligaments B. Subdivisions  Axial  Appendicular OBJECTIVES Describe the functions of the Skeletal System.

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings C. Functions of Bones  Support:  Protect:  Muscles:  Store:  Blood cell:

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings D. Classification of Bones  Structural Types  Compact bone  Spongy bone Figure 5.2b

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings 2. Types by Shape STUDENTS DO Figure 5.1

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings D. Structure of a Long Bone  Diaphysis  Epiphysis  Periosteum OBJECTIVES Identify and explain the anatomical areas of a long bone.

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Anatomy of a Long Bone …  Arteries  Articular cartilage  Epiphyseal plate =  Epiphyseal line =

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Anatomy of a Long Bone …  Medullary cavity  Location:  Marrow  adults  infants

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings E. Bone Formation, Growth, and Remodeling 1. Embryos: 2. Birth to Adult:  Cartilage remains in some places  Epiphyseal plates  New cartilage  Older cartilage ossified  Length growth stops: OBJECTIVES Describe the process of bone formation in the fetus.

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bone Growth (Ossification) 3. Bone remodeling:  Factors  Blood calcium levels  Gravity & muscles action  Cells:  Osteoblasts  Osteoclasts  Osteocytes OBJECTIVES Summarize the events of bone remodeling throughout life.

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings F. Bone Fractures 1.Fracture (Table 5.1)= Basic Types Closed Open Specific Types  Comminuted  Impacted  Spiral Types 2.Treatment  Reduction  Immobilization 3. Bone Repair a)Hematoma forms b)Fibrocartilage Callus c)Bony Callus d)Remodeling OBJECTIVES Name and describe the three types of fractures discussed in class.

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Common Types of Fractures Table 5.2

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings G. Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture Figure 5.5, step 1 Hematoma Hematoma formation 1. Hematoma

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture Figure 5.5, step 2 Hematoma External callus New blood vessels Hematoma formation Fibrocartilage callus formation 2. Fibrocartilage callus

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture Figure 5.5, step 3 Hematoma External callus New blood vessels Hematoma formation Fibrocartilage callus formation Bony callus formation 3. Bony Callus

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture Figure 5.5, step 4 Hematoma External callus Healed fracture New blood vessels Hematoma formation Fibrocartilage callus formation Bony callus formation Bone remodeling 4. Remodeling of Bony Callus

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings H. Bone Markings and Functions  Table Projections or processes 2. Depressions or cavities 3. Foramens or Canals

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bone Markings Table 5.1 (1 of 2)

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bone Markings Table 5.1 (2 of 2)

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings END