Observation of Exclusive Charmonium Production and    in pp Collisions at CDF II James Pinfold University of Alberta For the CDF Collaboration

CDF :: Introduction Muon Chambers CDF Detector CDF Detector Luminosity delivered 4 fb -1 about 3.5 fb -1 of data to tape MENU: Exclusive  +  - ’s    +  - Charmonium (J/ ,  ’,  c ) Odderon Conclusion MENU: Exclusive  +  - ’s    +  - Charmonium (J/ ,  ’,  c ) Odderon Conclusion James L. Pinfold Forward Physics at the LHC - Manchester

Exclusive     Production (1) Exclusive     Production (1) Trigger (DIFF_CHIC_CMU1.5_PT1.5_TRK): Trigger (DIFF_CHIC_CMU1.5_PT1.5_TRK): –BSC Gap, east & west –muon + track (p t > 1.4; |  | 1.4; |  | < 1.2) – 2.7 < M(muon + track) < 4.0 GeVc 2 The existing sample corresponds to a luminosity 1.48 fb -1 The existing sample corresponds to a luminosity 1.48 fb -1 Also higher mass muons have just been stripped Also higher mass muons have just been stripped –See Mike’s talk on our Bottomonium study James L. Pinfold Forward Physics at the LHC - Manchester MENU: Exclusive  +  - ’s    +  - Charmonium (J/ ,  ’,  c ) Odderon Conclusion MENU: Exclusive  +  - ’s    +  - Charmonium (J/ ,  ’,  c ) Odderon Conclusion

Exclusive     Production (2) Exclusive     Production (2) Offline cuts Offline cuts –Loose quality cuts –No other activity in the events (to an |  | of 7.4) –P T (  ) > 1.4 GeV/c & |  (  )| 1.4 GeV/c & |  (  )| < 0.6 –Cosmic ray cuts (abs (delta_TOF) < 3 ns) –Exclusivity cuts (a la e + e - paper) STARLIGHT Monte Carlo simulation employed (S. Klein & J. Nystrand) STARLIGHT Monte Carlo simulation employed (S. Klein & J. Nystrand) MENU: Exclusive  +  - ’s    +  - Charmonium (J/ ,  ’,  c ) Odderon Conclusion MENU: Exclusive  +  - ’s    +  - Charmonium (J/ ,  ’,  c ) Odderon Conclusion James L. Pinfold Forward Physics at the LHC - Manchester

Exclusive     Production (3) Exclusive     Production (3) Example exclusive  +  - event: Run , Event MENU: Exclusive  +  - ’s    +  - Charmonium (J/ ,  ’,  c ) Odderon Conclusion MENU: Exclusive  +  - ’s    +  - Charmonium (J/ ,  ’,  c ) Odderon Conclusion James L. Pinfold Forward Physics at the LHC - Manchester

402 candidate events have been found 402 candidate events have been found Exclusive     Candidates (4) Exclusive     Candidates (4) MENU: Exclusive  +  - ’s    +  - Charmonium (J/ ,  ’,  c ) Odderon Conclusion MENU: Exclusive  +  - ’s    +  - Charmonium (J/ ,  ’,  c ) Odderon Conclusion James L. Pinfold Forward Physics at the LHC - Manchester Fit: 2 Gaussians + QED continuum. Masses 3.09, 3.68 GeV (PDG) Widths 15.8,16.7 MeV=resolution. QED = generator x acceptance 3 amplitudes floating

Exclusive     Production (1) Exclusive     Production (1) Good agreement on kinematics with STARLIGHT MC (Klein & Nystrand ) Good agreement on kinematics with STARLIGHT MC (Klein & Nystrand ) The       continuum MENU: Exclusive  +  - ’s    +  - Charmonium(J/ ,  ’,  c ) Odderon Conclusion MENU: Exclusive  +  - ’s    +  - Charmonium(J/ ,  ’,  c ) Odderon Conclusion James L. Pinfold Forward Physics at the LHC - Manchester

 Number of events - 77 ± %  Detector Acceptance ± 1.5 %    - quality efficiency %    - quality efficiency ± 2.3 %  Backgrounds:  Dissociation of beam(s) - 8 ± 2 %  Non-exclusive events - 9 ± 5 %  Events without background - 64 ±10   (box) x BR = 2.7   (box) x BR = 2.7 ± 0.5 pb  QED prediction is pb (STARlight )  QED prediction is 2.18 ± 0.01 pb (STARlight ) Exclusive     Production (2) Exclusive     Production (2) The mass to the QED continuum term (data). The shape is determined by the QED generator level cross section x acceptance The detector acceptance x recon eff. Is parameterized as: QED Continuum MENU: Exclusive  +  - ’s    +  - Charmonium (J/ ,  ’,  c ) Odderon Conclusion MENU: Exclusive  +  - ’s    +  - Charmonium (J/ ,  ’,  c ) Odderon Conclusion James L. Pinfold Forward Physics at the LHC - Manchester

Exclusive J     Production (1)  The J     Good agreement on kinematics with STARLIGHT MC (Klein & Nystrand ) Good agreement on kinematics with STARLIGHT MC (Klein & Nystrand ) MENU: Exclusive  +  - ’s    +  - Charmonium (J   ’,  c ) Odderon Conclusion MENU: Exclusive  +  - ’s    +  - Charmonium (J   ’,  c ) Odderon Conclusion James L. Pinfold Forward Physics at the LHC - Manchester

Exclusive J     Production (2)  Number of events ± %  Detector Acceptance ± 2.0 %    - quality efficiency %    - quality efficiency ± 1.7 %  Backgrounds:  Dissociation of beam(s) - 9 ± 2 %   c background ± 1.6 %  Non-exclusive events - 3 ± 3 %  Events without background -243 ± 21   (box) x BR = 28.1   (box) x BR = 28.1 ± 4.4 pb  BR       = (6) 3.92  d  /dy| y=0 = 3.92 ± 0.62 nb  In agreement with predictions - on av nb 2.8 nb [ Szczurek07, ], 2.7 nb [Klein&Nystrand04], 3.0 nb [Conclaves&Machado05], and 3.4 nb [Motkya&Watt08].  In agreement with predictions - on av. 3.0 ± 0.3 nb 2.8 nb [ Szczurek07, ], 2.7 nb [Klein&Nystrand04], 3.0 nb [Conclaves&Machado05], and 3.4 nb [Motkya&Watt08]. MENU: Exclusive  +  - ’s    +  - Charmonium (J/ ,  ’,  c ) Odderon Conclusion MENU: Exclusive  +  - ’s    +  - Charmonium (J/ ,  ’,  c ) Odderon Conclusion James L. Pinfold Forward Physics at the LHC - Manchester

Exclusive  s     Production(1)  The  s      Good agreement on kinematics with STARLIGHT MC (Klein & Nystrand ) Good agreement on kinematics with STARLIGHT MC (Klein & Nystrand ) MENU: Exclusive  +  - ’s    +  - Charmonium (J/ ,  ’,  c ) Odderon Conclusion MENU: Exclusive  +  - ’s    +  - Charmonium (J/ ,  ’,  c ) Odderon Conclusion James L. Pinfold Forward Physics at the LHC - Manchester

Exclusive  s     Production(2)  Number of events - 39 ± %  Detector Acceptance ± 2.8 %    - quality efficiency %    - quality efficiency ± 5.6 %  Backgrounds:  Dissociation of beam(s) - 9 ± 2 %  Non-exclusive events - 3 ± 3 %  Events without background -34 ± 7   (box) x BR = 1.02   (box) x BR = 1.02 ± 0.26 pb  BR       = (8) 0.54  d  /dy| y=0 = 0.54 ± 0.15 nb  The ratio R =  (2s)/J/  = 0.14 ± 0.05  In agreement with HERA: R = ± in a similar kinematic region MENU: Exclusive  +  - ’s    +  - Charmonium (J/ ,  ’,  c ) Odderon Conclusion MENU: Exclusive  +  - ’s    +  - Charmonium (J/ ,  ’,  c ) Odderon Conclusion James L. Pinfold Forward Physics at the LHC - Manchester

Allowing EM towers (single or adjacent pairs) with EmEt > 80 MeV gives a large increase in the J/  peak but a minor change in the  (2s) peak Allowing EM towers (single or adjacent pairs) with EmEt > 80 MeV gives a large increase in the J/  peak but a minor change in the  (2s) peak  Evidence for  c  J/  +  production MENU: Exclusive  +  - ’s    +  - Charmonium (J/ ,  ’,  c ) Odderon Conclusion MENU: Exclusive  +  - ’s    +  - Charmonium (J/ ,  ’,  c ) Odderon Conclusion Exclusive  c  J/  (      Prod.  (1) 39  40 = 1 events 286  352 = 66 events 39  40 = 1 event James L. Pinfold Forward Physics at the LHC - Manchester

Exclusive  c  J/  (      Prod.  (2)  The  c  J/  (     ) +  EM tower energy > 80 MeV EM tower energy > 80 MeV –If EM tower energy < 80 MeV the event is classified as exclusive photoproduction Reasonable agreement on kinematics with CHIC-MC (Stirling) after EMcal empirical correction factor is applied Reasonable agreement on kinematics with CHIC-MC (Stirling) after EMcal empirical correction factor is applied Mass of the      (soft) states compatible with  c mass Mass of the      (soft) states compatible with  c mass (  c 0 (3415) &  c 2 (3556) may be present – although spin-2 state is suppressed) MENU: Exclusive  +  - ’s    +  - Charmonium (J/ ,  ’,  c ) Odderon Conclusion MENU: Exclusive  +  - ’s    +  - Charmonium (J/ ,  ’,  c ) Odderon Conclusion James L. Pinfold Forward Physics at the LHC - Manchester

Exclusive  c  J/  (      Prod.  (1) EM E T spectrum with J/  mass cut  Number of events - 65 ± 8 (from fit) %  Detector Acceptance ± 2.0 %    - quality efficiency %    - quality efficiency ± 1.7 %  Backgrounds:  Dissociation of beam(s) - 9 ± 2 %  Non-exclusive events - 3 ± 3 %  Events without background - 56 ± 9   (box) x BR = 8.4   (box) x BR = 8.4 ± 1.4 pb  BR       = (7) 75  d  /dy| y=0 = 75 ± 14 nb  Compatible with theoretical predictions -  150 nb (Yuan01) & 130 nb (KRS01) error ofo 50 nb  The ratio R = J/  /  c = ± MENU: Exclusive  +  - ’s    +  - Charmonium (J/ ,  ’,  c ) Odderon Conclusion MENU: Exclusive  +  - ’s    +  - Charmonium (J/ ,  ’,  c ) Odderon Conclusion James L. Pinfold Forward Physics at the LHC - Manchester

Exclusive      and the Odderon Exclusive      and the Odderon The odderon is the C-odd partner of the pomeron - the hard odderon skeleton consists of three gluons in a color neutral state. The odderon is the C-odd partner of the pomeron - the hard odderon skeleton consists of three gluons in a color neutral state. There is no definite identification of an odderon (O) signal to date There is no definite identification of an odderon (O) signal to date The odderon would contribute to J/ ,  ’ (&  ) peaks -not the  c The odderon would contribute to J/ ,  ’ (&  ) peaks -not the  c Our J/  &  (2s) cross-sections agree with predictions (that fit the HERA data)  no significant odderon signal Our J/  &  (2s) cross-sections agree with predictions (that fit the HERA data)  no significant odderon signal –We get R (exp./theory) J/  = 1.32 ± 0.41 –R (exp./theory)  s  = 1.15 ± 0.21  Combined to give R(data/theory) = 1.19 ± 0.19  Limit on odderon prod. - R[(O-IP)  V/(  -IP)  V] < 0.34 (95% CL)  Another limit: R[(O+  )IP  J/  / IP-IP   c (3415)] < ±  (2S) At least 3 gluons MENU: Exclusive  +  - ’s    +  - Charmonium (J/ ,  ’,  c ) Odderon Conclusion MENU: Exclusive  +  - ’s    +  - Charmonium (J/ ,  ’,  c ) Odderon Conclusion James L. Pinfold Forward Physics at the LHC - Manchester

Summary & Conclusions Summary & Conclusions This work is now in the “paper reading stage” for a submission to PRL entitled: “Observation of Exclusive Charmonium Production and      in pp Collisions at  s = 1.96 TeV”. This work is now in the “paper reading stage” for a submission to PRL entitled: “Observation of Exclusive Charmonium Production and      in pp Collisions at  s = 1.96 TeV”. The      ( & e + e  ) cross section results agree with QED. The      ( & e + e  ) cross section results agree with QED. The observed cross-sections for the photoproduction of the J/  and  (2s) process are in good agreement with theoretical estimates and HERA data The observed cross-sections for the photoproduction of the J/  and  (2s) process are in good agreement with theoretical estimates and HERA data We placed an upper limit on an odderon contributions to exclusive J/  production. We placed an upper limit on an odderon contributions to exclusive J/  production. Our observation of exclusive  c production implies that exclusive Higgs boson production should occur at the LHC with a cross section of order fb Our observation of exclusive  c production implies that exclusive Higgs boson production should occur at the LHC with a cross section of order fb Other implications for the LHC Other implications for the LHC –Use of       / e + e - as a luminosity monitor –Study of      -p        as a calibration for FP420 is underway –The LHC as a ,  -p (  collider –The LHC as a ,  -p (  IP) & IP- IP collider MENU: CDF Motivation e + e -   +  -,J/ ,  ',   c Odderon Conclusions MENU: CDF Motivation e + e -   +  -,J/ ,  ',   c Odderon Conclusions James L. Pinfold Forward Physics at the LHC - Manchester

Extra Slides Extra Slides

Tevatron Performance Tevatron Performance Collider Run II – anticipated 6  7 fb -1 by end FY09 with 2010 running 7  9 fb -1