The Metric System

The metric system (International System of Units) or SI System, is a universal system of measurement used by scientists all over the world. – Based on multiples of 10 Base Unit = 1 – Length = meter (1.0 m) – Mass = gram (1.0 g) – Volume = liter (1.0 L)

Prefixes and Suffixes Many words can be broken down into smaller parts that can help you to better understand the meaning of the word. – Prefixes – terms attached to the beginning of a word. Preheat – Pre means before » To heat the oven before you cook something. – Suffixes – terms attached to the end of a word. Laryngitis – itis means inflammation » A swelling or inflammation of the larynx or vocal cords.

Prefixes of the Metric System PrefixUnitFractionDecimal KiloOne Thousand1000 DeciOne Tenth1/10.10 CentiOne Hundredth 1/ MilliOne Thousandth 1/

UnitAbbreviationRelationship To Base Unit Kilometerkm1000 m Meterm1.0 (Base Unit) Centimetercm100 cm (1/100 or.01) Millimetermm1000 mm (1/1000 or.001) Length Prefixes

Length Length - How long something is. – Instrument = metric ruler – Base Unit = Meter (m) (.1 or 1/10) (.01 or 1/100)(.001 or 1/1000) (Base Unit)

Determining Length: How long is Example 1? Which line is 50.0 mm in Length? Which line is.5 cm in length? How long is Line A? 1.9 cm or Line C Line B 3.6 cm or 19 mm 36 mm

Mass UnitSymbolRelationship To Base Unit Kilogramkg1000 g Gramg1.0 (Base Unit) Centigramcg100 cg (1/100 or.01) Milligrammg1000 mg (1/1000 or.001)

Mass Mass - The amount of matter in an object – Instrument = Triple Beam Balance – Base Unit = Gram (g)

Reading A Triple Beam Balance: Solve the Problem: _____ + _____ + _____ = ______ g Start with the largest beam, 100s, then add 10s and finish with the smallest beam, 1s.

Reading A Triple Beam Balance: _____ + _____ + _____ = ______ g _____ + _____ + _____ = ______ g

Volume UnitSymbolRelationship To Base Unit KiloliterkL1000 L LiterL1.0 (Base Unit) Cubic centimeter – (solid) cm cm 3 (1/100 or.01) Milliliter – (Liquid) mL1000 mL (1/1000 or.001)

Volume Volume - The amount of space an object takes up. 2 Types of Volume measurements: – Solid Volume An object that has regular measurable sides. – Liquid Volume An object that is a liquid or has irregular, non- measurable sides.

Solid Volume Instrument – metric ruler Base Unit – cubic meters (m 3 ) Formula: Volume = Length X Width X Height There are 3 measurements so you must have a superscript of 3

Volume of a Solid Formula: Work: Answer: V = L X W X H = 20 X 10 X 5 V = 1000 cm 3

Liquid Volume Instrument – Graduated Cylinder Base Unit – liter (L) Reading a Graduated Cylinder: – Always take the reading from eye level! Water in a container has a curved surface or meniscus. – Take the reading from the bottom of the meniscus.

Measuring Liquid Volume 15 mL 18 mL 20 mL mL

Irregularly Shaped Object What is the volume of this ball? 40 mL Formula: Volume = After – Before Work: Answer: 65 mL = = 25 mL mL

Density Density - The measurement of how much mass is contained in a given volume of an object. – Density is unique to each individual substance on Earth. Water = 1 g/cm 3 or 1g/mL – Used to compare all other substances to: » Anything greater than 1g/cm 3 will sink » Anything less than 1g/cm 3 will float Formula: Density = Mass Volume

Substance Densities SubstanceDensitySink or Float Aluminum2.7 Vegetable Oil.91 Honey1.36 Pine.5 Copper8.96 Baby Oil.82 Sink Float Sink Float

Finding Solid Density: (D = M/V) 1. A block of metal has a volume of 15 cm 3 and has a mass of 10 g. What is its density? Would this substance sink or float? Formula: Density = M/V Work: = 10 g / 15 cm 3 Answer: Density =.6 g/cm 3 Float, less dense than water

Finding Solid Density: (D = M/V) 2. A block of metal measures 4 cm X 4 cm X 4 cm and has a mass of 75 g. What is its density? Would this substance sink or float? Volume = l x w x h = 4 X 4 X 4 = 64 cm 3 Formula: Density = M/V Work: = 75 g / 64 cm 3 Answer: = 1.2 g/cm 3 4cm Sink, more dense Than water

Solid Density If you were to cut a material in half would it’s density change? 4cm 2cm 4cm Formula: D = M/V Work: 75g/64cm 3 Answer: Formula: D = M/V Work: 37.5g/32cm 3 Answer: 1.2g/cm 3 75g 37.5g

Liquid Density Put the liquids in their correct from least dense to most dense. What letter represents water? LiquidDensity (g/mL) A.89 B2.34 C1.21 D D, 1.0g/mL

Solid & Liquid Densities If a ball that has a density of 1.73 g/cm 3 were placed in the beaker, draw where the ball would come to rest? 1.73 g/cm 3

Solid & Liquid Densities If a block of wood has a density of.7 g/cm 3 where would the block of wood be located in this beaker of water?.7 g/cm 3