Chapter 26, Section 1: Heritage of the Middle East.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 26, Section 1: Heritage of the Middle East

Islam The Arabian Peninsula (Saudi Arabia) in the city of Mecca Islam was born

Islam Muhammad – the prophet of Islam, had the Koran revealed to him by the angel Gabriel

Muhammad Born 570 AD in Mecca worked for a wealthy widow (Khadija) whom he later married Frequently retreated to caves to pray and fast ca. 610 AD First revelation occured

The Rise of Islam Hejira (hih ji ruh) Migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in 622, he and his followers were forced out 630 – he returned to Mecca and captured the city, Islam began to spread quickly Islam = Submission

Teachings of Islam 5 pillars of Islam Profession of Faith (Shahada) Pray 5 times per day (Salat) Giving of Alms (Zakat) Fasting during Ramadan (Sawm)Ramadan Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) Koran (Qur’an) Exact word of God written in Arabic Hadith – Sayings and actions of Muhammad Salah Kabaa

Islamic People of the book- Jews and Christians Book = Bible Allah= God = Yaweh

Expansion of Islam Map on pg. 572

Islamic Divide Rashidun – Right Guided Caliphs Reason for Split between Shi’a and Sunni Islam Deals with succession of Muhammad

Divisions within Islam Sunni and Shi’a Caliph – successor to the prophet Ali, son in-law of Muhammad, murdered Umayyad Dynasty (Sunni – majority) Ali’s son murdered Shi’a – believed only decedents of Ali could be Caliph (minority)