Founders of Sociology

Auguste Comte  Positivism(the belief that knowledge should be derived from scientific observation  Social statics(the study of social stability and order)  Social dynamics (the study of social change)  Positive Philosophy

Karl Marx  Bourgeoisie(class owning the means for producing wealth)  Capitalist (person who owns or controls the means for producing wealth)  Proletariat(working class; those who labor for the bourgeoisie)  Class conflict ( the ongoing struggle between the bourgeoisie (owners) and the proletariat (working) class)

Emile Durkheim  Emile Durkheim  Mechanical solidarity (social dependency based on a widespread consensus of values and beliefs enforced by conformity and dependence on tradition and family)  Organic solidarity (social interdependency based on a high degree of specialization in roles

Max Weber  Verstehen(understanding social behavior by putting yourself in the place of others)  Rationalization(the mindset emphasizing knowledge, reason, and planning)

Harriet Martineau  Poor health  Economic failure  Translation of Comte’s work  Society in America believed that women lacked economic power which kept them dependent on men

Herbert Spencer  Social Darwinism thought that evolutionary social change led to progress

W.E.B. Du Bois  Pursuit of social justice  Race, urban, and gender studies

Jane Addams  Hull House (Chicago) House which provided services to poor immigrant families.  Noble Piece Prize  Social Reformer and peace activist